The extrinsic cell death pathway and the élan mortel

• Published in: Cell death and differentiation Vol. 15; no. 10; pp. 1533 - 1541
• Main Authors: Wallach, D, Kang, T-B, Kovalenko, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.10.2008; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Caspases - metabolism; Cell Biology; Cell Cycle Analysis; Cell death; Cell Death - physiology; Humans; Life Sciences; Ligands; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - metabolism; review; Signal Transduction - physiology; Stem Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; apoptosis; caspase-8; lymphotoxin; signaling; TNF
• ISSN: 1350-9047; 1476-5403
• DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.41

Early in the exploration of the chemical nature of life, it was widely believed that the molecules of living organisms, by their very nature, differ from those of inorganic material molecules and possess a vital force (‘ élan vital’ ). Similarly, early scientific thinking on the subject of cell death and its induction by cytotoxic cells of the immune system was pervaded by a sense that the molecules mediating these functions possess intrinsic deadly activity and are dedicated exclusively to death-related tasks. This impression was also reflected in the initial notions of the mode of action of intracellular proteins that signal for death. It is now gradually becoming clear, however, that proteins participating in death induction also have functions unrelated to death. Nevertheless, as exemplified by studies of the function of caspase-8 (an enzyme that signals both for activation of the extrinsic cell-death pathway and for non-death-related effects), analysis of the mechanistic basis for such heterogeneity might allow identification of distinct structural determinants in the proteins participating in death induction that do bear death specificity.