Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Strain and Aortic Stenosis

• Published in: Circulation (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 130; no. 18; pp. 1607 - 1616
• Main Authors: SHAH, Anoop S. V, CHIN, Calvin W. L, BOON, Nicholas A, PRASAD, Sanjay K, MILLS, Nicholas L, NEWBY, David E, DWECK, Marc R, VASSILIOU, Vassilis, COWELL, S. Joanna, DORIS, Mhairi, T'NG CHOONG KWOK, SEMPLE, Scott, ZAMVAR, Vipin, WHITE, Audrey C, MCKILLOP, Graham
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 28.10.2014
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve Stenosis - diagnosis; Aortic Valve Stenosis - mortality; Aortic Valve Stenosis - physiopathology; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Cardiology. Vascular system; Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Fibrosis - mortality; Fibrosis - physiopathology; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - diagnosis; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - mortality; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - physiopathology; Logistic Models; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke Volume; Troponin I - blood; Aortic stenosis; Troponin I; Fibrosis; aortic valve stenosis; hypertrophy, left ventricular; Cardiovascular disease; Circulatory system; Cardiology; Aortic valve; Left ventricle; Hypertrophy; Strain; fibrosis; troponin I
• ISSN: 0009-7322; 1524-4539
• DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011085

ECG left ventricular hypertrophy with strain is associated with an adverse prognosis in aortic stenosis. We investigated the mechanisms and outcomes associated with ECG strain. One hundred and two patients (age, 70 years [range, 63-75 years]; male, 66%; aortic valve area, 0.9 cm(2) [range, 0.7-1.2 cm(2)]) underwent ECG, echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. They made up the mechanism cohort. Myocardial fibrosis was determined with late gadolinium enhancement (replacement fibrosis) and T1 mapping (diffuse fibrosis). The relationship between ECG strain and cardiovascular magnetic resonance was then assessed in an external validation cohort (n=64). The outcome cohort was made up of 140 patients from the Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) study and was followed up for 10.6 years (1254 patient-years). Compared with those without left ventricular hypertrophy (n=51) and left ventricular hypertrophy without ECG strain (n=30), patients with ECG strain (n=21) had more severe aortic stenosis, increased left ventricular mass index, more myocardial injury (high-sensitivity plasma cardiac troponin I concentration, 4.3 ng/L [interquartile range, 2.5-7.3 ng/L] versus 7.3 ng/L [interquartile range, 3.2-20.8 ng/L] versus 18.6 ng/L [interquartile range, 9.0-45.2 ng/L], respectively; P<0.001) and increased diffuse fibrosis (extracellular volume fraction, 27.4±2.2% versus 27.2±2.9% versus 30.9±1.9%, respectively; P<0.001). All patients with ECG strain had midwall late gadolinium enhancement (positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 86%, respectively). Indeed, late gadolinium enhancement was independently associated with ECG strain (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.77; P=0.02), a finding confirmed in the validation cohort. In the outcome cohort, ECG strain was an independent predictor of aortic valve replacement or cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-5.27; P<0.01). ECG strain is a specific marker of midwall myocardial fibrosis and predicts adverse clinical outcomes in aortic stenosis.