Extend the Levin-Wen model to two-dimensional topological orders with gapped boundary junctions

• Published in: The journal of high energy physics Vol. 2022; no. 7; pp. 88 - 35
• Main Authors: Wang, Hongyu, Hu, Yuting, Wan, Yidun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2022; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Anyons; Classical and Quantum Gravitation; Defects; Elementary Particles; High energy physics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Quantum computing; Quantum Field Theories; Quantum Field Theory; Quantum Physics; Regular Article - Theoretical Physics; Relativity Theory; String Theory; Topological Field Theories; Topological States of Matter; Topology; Two dimensional models; Topological States of Matter; Anyons; Topological Field Theories
• ISSN: 1029-8479; 1029-8479
• DOI: 10.1007/JHEP07(2022)088

A bstract A realistic material may possess defects, which often bring the material new properties that have practical applications. The boundary defects of a two-dimensional topologically ordered system are thought of as an alternative way of realizing topological quantum computation. To facilitate the study of such boundary defects, in this paper, we construct an exactly solvable Hamiltonian model of topological orders with gapped boundary junctions, where the boundary defects reside, by placing the Levin-Wen model on a disk, whose gapped boundary is separated into multiple segments by junctions. We derive a formula of the ground state degeneracy and an explicit ground-state basis of our model. We propose the notion of mobile and immobile charges on the boundary and find that they are quantum observables and label the ground-state basis. Our model is computation friendly.