School Health Program: Impacting Physical Activity Behaviors Among Disadvantaged Students

• Published in: The Journal of school health Vol. 89; no. 6; pp. 468 - 475
• Main Author: Dai, Chia‐Liang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Malden, USA Wiley Periodicals, Inc 01.06.2019; Wiley-Blackwell; American School Health Association; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Access; Adolescents; Behavior; Behavior Change; Children; children/adolescent in low‐income families; Childrens health; Chronic diseases; Chronic illnesses; Culturally Relevant Education; Development and progression; Disadvantaged; Disadvantaged children; disadvantaged students; Disadvantaged Youth; Educational Environment; Educational programs; Elementary School Students; Exercise; Food availability; Goal Orientation; Health aspects; Health Behavior; Health Education; Health Programs; Health Promotion; Health risks; Health status; Influence; Low income groups; Motivation; Nursing; Obesity; Parent Participation; Physical activity; Physical Activity Level; Physical education; Program Evaluation; Recreational facilities; Risk; Risk factors; school health education program; Secondary School Students; Socially handicapped children; Student Behavior; Student Motivation; Students; Systematic review; Teenagers; children/adolescent in low-income families; disadvantaged students; school health education program; systematic review; physical activity
• ISSN: 0022-4391; 1746-1561
• DOI: 10.1111/josh.12758

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more apt to experience lower availability of nutritious foods, lack opportunities to exercise, and lack access to recreational facilities, and thus, are more likely to be obese and at greater risk for developing chronic diseases. We review school health education programs' impact on physical activity behaviors among disadvantaged students. METHODS The inclusion criteria of the study were articles: published in English with full text between 2011 and 2017; focused on school health education programs for disadvantaged school‐aged students; assessed programs including a physical activity component; examined school‐aged children and adolescents' physical activity behaviors; and assessed programs with comparison groups. RESULTS There were 13 studies matching inclusion criteria in this review. The results of this review indicated that school‐based health education programs which included culturally appropriate physical activity, parent involvement, and enhanced student motivation and choice of activities appeared to increase physical activity levels among disadvantaged school‐aged students. Health education programs should also emphasize behavioral change skills, such as goal setting and self‐motivation, to positively impact on students' physical activity behaviors. CONCLUSIONS School‐based health education programs may help increase access to physical activity among disadvantaged populations.