Viral sensing at the blood-brain barrier: new roles for innate immunity at the CNS vasculature

Neurotropic viral infections are a major source of disease worldwide and represent a growing burden to public health. While the central nervous system (CNS) is normally protected from viral infection by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), many viruses are able to cross the BBB and establish CNS infection...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inClinical pharmacology and therapeutics Vol. 97; no. 4; p. 372
Main Authors Daniels, B P, Klein, R S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.04.2015
Subjects
Animals
Blood Vessels - immunology
Blood Vessels - virology
Blood-Brain Barrier - immunology
Blood-Brain Barrier - virology
Central Nervous System - blood supply
Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology
Humans
Immunity, Innate - physiology
Virus Diseases - immunology
Viruses - immunology
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Summary:Neurotropic viral infections are a major source of disease worldwide and represent a growing burden to public health. While the central nervous system (CNS) is normally protected from viral infection by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), many viruses are able to cross the BBB and establish CNS infection through processes that largely remain poorly understood. A growing body of recent research has begun to shed light on the viral and host factors that modulate BBB function, contributing to both protective and pathological disease processes. Central to these studies have been the actions of host cytokines and chemokines, which have increasingly been shown to be key regulators of BBB physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how BBB function governs both viral pathogenesis and host immune responses during neurotropic viral infections.
ISSN:1532-6535
DOI:10.1002/cpt.75