Methods and Measures: Growth mixture modeling: A method for identifying differences in longitudinal change among unobserved groups

Growth mixture modeling (GMM) is a method for identifying multiple unobserved sub-populations, describing longitudinal change within each unobserved sub-population, and examining differences in change among unobserved sub-populations. We provide a practical primer that may be useful for researchers...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of behavioral development Vol. 33; no. 6; pp. 565 - 576
Main Authors Ram, Nilam, Grimm, Kevin J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.11.2009
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Subjects
Ageing
Aging (Individuals)
Anxiety
Cortisol
Data Analysis
Individual Development
Individual Differences
Longitudinal Studies
Observation
Older Adults
Research Methodology
Stress
longitudinal methods
cortisol
dynamic process
development
aging
latent growth
growth mixture modeling
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Summary:Growth mixture modeling (GMM) is a method for identifying multiple unobserved sub-populations, describing longitudinal change within each unobserved sub-population, and examining differences in change among unobserved sub-populations. We provide a practical primer that may be useful for researchers beginning to incorporate GMM analysis into their research. We briefly review basic elements of the standard latent basis growth curve model, introduce GMM as an extension of multiple-group growth modeling, and describe a four-step approach to conducting a GMM analysis. Example data from a cortisol stress-response paradigm are used to illustrate the suggested procedures.
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ISSN:0165-0254
1464-0651
DOI:10.1177/0165025409343765