Reaction of zearalenone and α-zearalenol with allyl isothiocyanate, characterization of reaction products, their bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vitro

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 217; pp. 648 - 654
• Main Authors: Bordin, K., Saladino, F., Fernández-Blanco, C., Ruiz, M.J., Mañes, J., Fernández-Franzón, M., Meca, G., Luciano, F.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 15.02.2017
• Subjects: Allyl isothiocyanate; Biological Availability; Caco-2 Cells; Chemical reduction; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal - metabolism; Humans; Isothiocyanates - chemistry; Isothiocyanates - metabolism; Mycotoxins - chemistry; Mycotoxins - metabolism; Reaction products; Zearalenone; Zearalenone - chemistry; Zearalenone - metabolism; Zeranol - analogs & derivatives; Zeranol - chemistry; Zeranol - metabolism; α-Zearalenol; Reaction products; Chemical reduction; α-Zearalenol; Zearalenone; Allyl isothiocyanate
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.044

•AITC was able to react with ZEA/α-ZOL and their reaction products were identified.•Mycotoxin reduction by AITC was dose-dependent.•ZEA was more reactive than α-ZOL.•α-ZOL was more bioaccessible than α-ZOL-AITC.•ZEA/α-ZOL and their AITC conjugates present limited bioavailability in vitro. This study investigates the reduction of zearalenone (ZEA) and α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) on a solution model using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and also determines the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the reaction products isolated and identified by MS-LIT. Mycotoxin reductions were dose-dependent, and ZEA levels decreased more than α-ZOL, ranging from 0.2 to 96.9% and 0 to 89.5% respectively, with no difference (p⩽0.05) between pH 4 and 7. Overall, simulated gastric bioaccessibility was higher than duodenal bioaccessibility for both mycotoxins and mycotoxin-AITC conjugates, with duodenal fractions representing ⩾63.5% of the original concentration. Simulated bioavailability of reaction products (α-ZOL/ZEA-AITC) were lower than 42.13%, but significantly higher than the original mycotoxins. The cytotoxicity of α-ZOL and ZEA in Caco-2/TC7 cells was also evaluated, with toxic effects observed at higher levels than 75μM. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the toxicity and estrogenic effect of α-ZOL/ZEA-AITC.