Maximizing recovery of energy and nutrients from urban wastewaters

• Published in: Energy (Oxford) Vol. 104; no. C; pp. 16 - 23
• Main Authors: Selvaratnam, T., Henkanatte-Gedera, S.M., Muppaneni, T., Nirmalakhandan, N., Deng, S., Lammers, P.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United Kingdom Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2016; Elsevier
• Subjects: Algal cultivation; Energy recovery; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Nutrient recycle; Wastewater; Nutrient recycle; Energy recovery; Algal cultivation; Wastewater; Hydrothermal liquefaction
• ISSN: 0360-5442
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.102

Historically, UWWs (urban wastewaters) that contain high levels of organic carbon, N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorous) have been considered an environmental burden and have been treated at the expense of significant energy input. With the advent of new pollution abatement technologies, UWWs are now being regarded as a renewable resource from which, useful chemicals and energy could be harvested. This study proposes an integrated, algal-based system that has the potential to treat UWWs to the desired discharge standards in a sustainable manner while recovering high fraction of its energy content as well as its N- and P-contents for use as fertilizers. Key embodiments of the system being proposed are: i) cultivation of an extremophile microalga, Galdieria sulphuraria, in UWW for removal of carbon, N, and P via single-step by mixotrophic metabolism; ii) extraction of energy-rich biocrude and biochar from the cultivated biomass via hydrothermal processing; and, iii) enhancement of biomass productivity via partial recycling of the nutrient-rich AP (aqueous product) from hydrothermal-processed biomass to the cultivation step to optimize productivity, and formulation of fertilizers from the remaining AP. This paper presents a process model to simulate this integrated system, identify the optimal process conditions, and establish ranges for operational parameters. •Developed model for algal system for wastewater treatment/energy production.•Evaluated energy efficiency in algal wastewater treatment/energy production.•Optimized algal wastewater treatment/energy production.•Demonstrated feasibility of energy-positive wastewater treatment.