Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in an Individual: Demonstration of Both HIV Type 1 and Type 2 Proviral Sequences by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 158; no. 6; pp. 1170 - 1176
• Main Authors: Rayfield, Mark, De Cock, Kevin, Heyward, William, Goldstein, Lynn, Krebs, John, Kwok, Shirley, Lee, Stephanie, McCormick, Joseph, Moreau, J. M., Odehouri, K., Schochetman, Gerald, Sninsky, John, Ou, Chin-Yih
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL The University Chicago Press 01.12.1988; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - microbiology; Adult; AIDS; AIDS/HIV; Base Sequence; Biological and medical sciences; Blotting, Southern; Blotting, Western; DNA; DNA Probes; DNA, Viral - analysis; DNA, Viral - genetics; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Female; Gene Amplification; HIV; HIV 1; HIV 2; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; HIV-2 - genetics; HIV-2 - isolation & purification; human immunodeficiency virus 1; human immunodeficiency virus 2; Humans; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunopathology; Infections; Male; Medical sciences; Molecular Sequence Data; Original Articles; Polymerase chain reaction; Proviruses - genetics; Proviruses - isolation & purification; Retroviridae; Viruses; Human; Cell culture; Immunopathology; Mixed infection; HIV-1 virus; Virological exploration; Retroviridae; AIDS; Hemopathy; Serology; HIV-2 virus; Infection; Virus; Enzymatic method; Gene amplification; Viral disease; DNA; Human immunodeficiency virus
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/158.6.1170

Sera from persons seroreactive to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), by whole-virus (VElA) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for each virus, were selected from a seroprevalence study of 944 persons in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire, West Africa, in 1987. These sera were subsequently tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody specificity by type-specific peptide EIAs (PEIA) and western blot (WB) analysis for both viruses. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from representative individuals were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal donor PBMCs. These cultures were periodically monitored for HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral sequences by using the selective DNA amplification technique polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an outgrowth of this study, we report the case of a person dually reactive by various serological techniques in whom proviral sequences from HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected by PCR. This is the first confirmed case of a mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in a single individual.