Process of equilibration in many-body isolated systems: diagonal versus thermodynamic entropy

• Published in: New journal of physics Vol. 22; no. 8; pp. 83087 - 83101
• Main Authors: Mailoud, Samy, Borgonovi, Fausto, Izrailev, Felix M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.08.2020
• Subjects: Balancing; Bosons; Decay rate; Eigenvectors; Entropy; Hilbert space; isolated quantum many-body systems; Particle interactions; Physics; quantum chaos; Relaxation time; thermalization; Thermalization (energy absorption); Thermodynamic equilibrium; Wave packets
• ISSN: 1367-2630; 1367-2630
• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aba652

As recently manifested [1], the quench dynamics of isolated quantum systems consisting of a finite number of particles, is characterized by an exponential spreading of wave packets in the many-body Hilbert space. This happens when the inter-particle interaction is strong enough, thus resulting in a chaotic structure of the many-body eigenstates considered in the non-interacting basis. The semi-analytical approach used here, allows one to estimate the rate of the exponential growth as well as the relaxation time, after which the equilibration (thermalization) emerges. The key ingredient parameter in the description of this process is the width Γ of the local density of states (LDoS) defined by the initially excited state, the number of particles and the interaction strength. In this paper we show that apart from the meaning of Γ as the decay rate of survival probability, the width of the LDoS is directly related to the diagonal entropy and the latter can be linked to the thermodynamic entropy of a system equilibrium state emerging after the complete relaxation. The analytical expression relating the two entropies is derived phenomenologically and numerically confirmed in a model of bosons with random two-body interaction, as well as in a deterministic model which becomes completely integrable in the continuous limit.