Model order effects on ICA of resting-state complex-valued fMRI data: Application to schizophrenia

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods Vol. 304; pp. 24 - 38
• Main Authors: Kuang, Li-Dan, Lin, Qiu-Hua, Gong, Xiao-Feng, Cong, Fengyu, Sui, Jing, Calhoun, Vince D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.07.2018
• Subjects: Complex-valued fMRI data; Component splitting; Independent component analysis (ICA); Model order; Phase data; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia; Independent component analysis (ICA); Complex-valued fMRI data; Phase data; Model order; Component splitting
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.013

•We detected intact components in complex-valued analysis at high model orders.•We found component integration in phase analysis with increasing model order.•Phase data has a complementary role in preserving the integrity of brain networks.•Intact group DMN at higher orders showed significant difference between HCs and SZs.•We proposed an improved best run selection to select a run of ICA results. Component splitting at higher model orders is a widely accepted finding for independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, our recent study found that intact components occurred with subcomponents at higher model orders. This study investigated model order effects on ICA of resting-state complex-valued fMRI data from 82 subjects, which included 40 healthy controls (HCs) and 42 schizophrenia patients. In addition, we explored underlying causes for distinct component splitting between complex-valued data and magnitude-only data by examining model order effects on ICA of phase fMRI data. A best run selection method was proposed to combine subject averaging and a one-sample t-test. We selected the default mode network (DMN)-, visual-, and sensorimotor-related components from the best run of ICA at varying model orders from 10 to 140. Results show that component integration occurred in complex-valued and phase analyses, whereas component splitting emerged in magnitude-only analysis with increasing model order. Incorporation of phase data appears to play a complementary role in preserving integrity of brain networks. When compared with magnitude-only analysis, the intact DMN component obtained in complex-valued analysis at higher model orders exhibited highly significant subject-level differences between HCs and patients with schizophrenia. We detected significantly higher activity and variation in anterior areas for HCs and in posterior areas for patients with schizophrenia. These results demonstrate the potential of complex-valued fMRI data to contribute generally and specifically to brain network analysis in identification of schizophrenia-related changes.