Safety assessment of consumption of glabrous canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) in rats

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 63; pp. 91 - 103
• Main Authors: Magnuson, B.A., Patterson, C.A., Hucl, P., Newkirk, R.W., Ram, J.I., Classen, H.L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Canary seed; Dietary; Female; Food Safety; Glabrous; Hairless; Male; Medical sciences; Phalaris - embryology; Phalaris canariensis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safety; Seeds - toxicity; Toxicology; Triticum aestivum; MCV; AST; ALP; F; CK; ALT; Hairless; M; Dietary; RBC; Toxicology; MCH; Glabrous; MCHC; Hct; Canary seed; A/G; AME; WBC; BUN; Hb; LUC; Safety; Monocotyledones; Seeds; Rat; Toxicity; Rodentia; Feeding; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Gramineae; Food intake; Animal; Seed; Angiospermae; Plant origin; Phalaris canariensis; Spermatophyta; red blood cell count; hematocrit; blood urea nitrogen; hemoglobin; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; alanine aminotansferase; albumin:globulin ratio; apparent metabolizable energy; alkaline phosphatase; creatine kinase; female; white blood cell count; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; aspartate aminotransferase; mean corpuscular volume; large unstained cells; male
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.041

•28-day and 90-day oral feeding studies of up to 10% glabrous canary seed show no adverse effects.•Additional 90-day study with 50% glabrous (or hairless) canary seed also finds no adverse effects.•Results support use of glabrous canary seed as a human food cereal grain. Canary seed is a nutrient-rich cereal grain; however, it has not been used in human food in part due to concerns regarding safety of consumption. Glabrous or hairless canary seed has potential human food use as trichomes are absent. The objective of the oral feeding studies reported here was to assess the safety of yellow and brown glabrous canary seed cultivars as human cereal foods. The first study was a 90-day rat oral toxicity study, which compared the effects of diets containing 50% of either brown dehulled glabrous, brown hulled glabrous, or brown hulled pubescent (hairy) hulled canary seed to a diet containing 50% wheat. No significant adverse effects were observed. In a 28-day and a 90-day study rats were fed yellow or brown glabrous canary seed groats in the AIN-76 diet at concentrations levels of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The NOAELs in 90-day study were 5.15g/kg/d and 5.23g/kg/d for yellow and brown canary seed groats. Consumption of canary seed was associated with reduced incidence and severity of liver lipidosis as compared to controls. The combined results of these studies clearly demonstrate the safety of consumption of glabrous canary seed, and support its use as a human cereal grain.