Are Mast Cells MASTers in HIV-1 Infection?

• Published in: International archives of allergy and immunology Vol. 125; no. 2; pp. 89 - 95
• Main Authors: Marone, Gianni, de Paulis, Amato, Florio, Giovanni, Petraroli, Angelica, Rossi, Francesca W., Triggiani, Massimo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland Karger 01.06.2001; S. Karger AG
• Subjects: Basophils - metabolism; Basophils - virology; Biological and medical sciences; Chemotaxis; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Gene Products, tat - pharmacology; Gene Products, tat - physiology; Histamine Release; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - immunology; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - physiology; HIV Infections - immunology; HIV Infections - virology; HIV-1 - immunology; HIV-1 - physiology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulin E - biosynthesis; Immunoglobulin E - genetics; Infectious diseases; Interleukin-13 - biosynthesis; Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis; Macromolecular Substances; Mast Cells - metabolism; Mast Cells - virology; Medical sciences; Receptors, CCR3; Receptors, Chemokine - biosynthesis; Receptors, Chemokine - genetics; Receptors, Chemokine - physiology; Receptors, CXCR4 - biosynthesis; Receptors, CXCR4 - genetics; Receptors, CXCR4 - physiology; Receptors, IgE - physiology; Review; Superantigens - immunology; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Th1 Cells - immunology; Th2 Cells - immunology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Virus Replication; Chemokine; HIV-1; Basophils; Tat; IL-4; AIDS; Mast cells; IL-13; CCR3; Human; Immunopathology; Immune response; HIV-1 virus; Pathogenesis; Cytokine; Granulocyte; Retroviridae; Interleukin 13; Chemokine receptor; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Basophil; Infection; Virus; Interleukin 4; CCR3 receptor; Viral disease; Mast cell; Human immunodeficiency virus; Virus penetration; Biological receptor
• ISSN: 1018-2438; 1423-0097
• DOI: 10.1159/000053802

HIV-1 gp120 interacts with IgE V H 3 + on the surface of human basophils and mast cells (FcΕRI + cells), acting as a viral immunoglobulin superantigen. gp120 from different clades induces mediator release from FcΕRI + cells. gp120 also induces IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis in human basophils. The chemokine receptors CCR3 and CXCR4, which are coreceptors of HIV-1 infection, are expressed by human FcΕRI + cells. HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells, interacting with CCR3. Incubation of basophils with Tat protein upregulates the surface expression of the CCR3 receptor. There is evidence that human FcΕRI + cells could be infected in vitro by M-tropic HIV-1 strains.