Hemodynamic Profiles of Functional and Dysfunctional Forms of Repetitive Thinking

• Published in: Annals of behavioral medicine Vol. 51; no. 2; pp. 261 - 271
• Main Authors: Ottaviani, Cristina, Brosschot, Jos F., Lonigro, Antonia, Medea, Barbara, Van Diest, Ilse, Thayer, Julian F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2017; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adult; Attention - physiology; Blood pressure; Blood Pressure - physiology; Cardiac Output - physiology; Cardiovascular disease; Cognition & reasoning; Family Medicine; Female; General Practice; Health Psychology; Heart Rate - physiology; Hemodynamics - physiology; Humans; Imagination - physiology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original Article; Physiological psychology; Problem Solving - physiology; Rumination, Cognitive - physiology; Sex Characteristics; Stress; Vascular Resistance - physiology; Young Adult; Problem solving; Total peripheral resistance; Mind wandering; Cardiac output; Hemodynamic profile; Perseverative cognition
• ISSN: 0883-6612; 1532-4796
• DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9851-3

Background The ability of the human brain to escape the here and now (mind wandering) can take functional (problem solving) and dysfunctional (perseverative cognition) routes. Although it has been proposed that only the latter may act as a mediator of the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease, both functional and dysfunctional forms of repetitive thinking have been associated with blood pressure (BP) reactivity of the same magnitude. However, a similar BP reactivity may be caused by different physiological determinants, which may differ in their risk for cardiovascular pathology. Purpose To examine the way (hemodynamic profile) and the extent (compensation deficit) to which total peripheral resistance and cardiac output compensate for each other in determining BP reactivity during functional and dysfunctional types of repetitive thinking. Methods Fifty-six healthy participants randomly underwent a perseverative cognition, a mind wandering, and a problem solving induction, each followed by a 5-min recovery period while their cardiovascular parameters were continuously monitored. Results Perseverative cognition and problem solving (but not mind wandering) elicited BP increases of similar magnitude. However, perseverative cognition was characterized by a more vascular (versus myocardial) profile compared to mind wandering and problem solving. As a consequence, BP recovery was impaired after perseverative cognition compared to the other two conditions. Conclusions Given that high vascular resistance and delayed recovery are the hallmarks of hypertension the results suggest a potential mechanism through which perseverative cognition may act as a mediator in the relationship between stress and risk for developing precursors to cardiovascular disease.