Associations between Chewing Difficulty, Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Related Functional Difficulties among Older People without Dementia: Focus on Body Mass Index

• Published in: The Journal of nutrition, health & aging Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 347 - 355
• Main Authors: Ju, Y. J., Lee, J. E., Lee, Soon Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris Springer Paris 01.03.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Body Mass Index; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Dementia - complications; Dementia - pathology; Dysphagia; Female; Geriatrics/Gerontology; Humans; Male; Mastication - physiology; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosciences; Nutrition; Older people; Primary Care Medicine; Quality of Life Research; Weight; South Korea; underweight; subjective cognitive decline; Chewing difficulty
• ISSN: 1279-7707; 1760-4788
• DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1521-2

Objective This study aimed to determine whether chewing difficulty is associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and related functional difficulties by body mass index. Design A population-based cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants A nationwide sample of 54,004 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey. Measurements SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties were measured using the cognitive decline module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Chewing difficulty was assessed based on a self-report questionnaire from an oral health-related behaviors interview survey. BMI was calculated from objective values by measuring height and weight through a physical meter. Results Among the 54,004 individuals, the prevalence of SCD in underweight, overweight, and obesity group was 33.6% (n = 806), 30.3% (n = 9,691), and 28.7% (n=5,632) respectively. Chewing difficulty was associated with SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties. This association was more pronounced in underweight (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2) people [underweight: (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–1.92); normal weight: OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22; obese: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.27]. Similar trends were demonstrated for SCD-related functional difficulties (underweight: OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–2.01; normal weight: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.15–1.63; obese: OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.86). Conclusions Chewing difficulty was associated with SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties in older people. Our results suggest that underweight status may play roles in the associations between chewing difficulty and SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties.