Assessment of soil properties by organic matter and Em-microorganism incorporation

• Published in: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 519 - 525
• Main Authors: Valarini, P.J, Alvarez, M.C.D, Gascó, J.M, Guerrero, F, Tokeshi, H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Campinas Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 01.06.2003
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; AMOSTRAGEM; Biological and medical sciences; BIOQU+MICA DO SOLO; CONDIÇAO AMBIENTAL; CONTROL DE CALIDAD; CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE; CONTROLE DE QUALITE; ECHANTILLONNAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; FACTEUR DU MILIEU; FACTORES AMBIENTALES; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; indicadores de qualidade; MATERIA ORGANICA; MATIERE ORGANIQUE; MATÉRIA ORGANICA; microorganisms; MICRORGANISMO; microrganismos; MUESTREO; ORGANIC MATTER; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries; physical, chemical, and biochemical soil properties; PROPIEDADES FISICO-QUIMICAS SUELO; PROPRIEDADE F+SICO-QU+MICA; propriedades físicas, químicas e bioquímicas do solo; PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE DU SOL; QUALITY CONTROLS; quality indicators; SAMPLING; SOIL CHEMICOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; SOLO; Incorporation; Organic matter; Yeast; Horticulture; Applied microbiology; Cultivated soil; Soil quality; Protected cultivation; Organic fertilizer; Bacteria; GREENHOUSE SOILS; Inoculant; physical; and biochemical soil properties; Probiotic; Laboratory study; Evaluation; Treatment efficiency; Property of soil; quality indicators; Soil management; Indicator; Clay loam soil; chemical; microorganisms; Microorganism; Organic amendment
• ISSN: 0100-0683; 0100-0683; 1806-9657
• DOI: 10.1590/S0100-06832003000300013

Properties of a claim loam soil, collected in Aranjuez (Madrid) and enriched with organic matter and microorganisms, were evaluated under controlled temperature and moisture conditions, over a period of three months. The following treatments were carried out: soil (control); soil + 50 t ha-1 of animal manure (E50); soil + 50 t ha-1 of animal manure + 30 L ha-1 of effective microorganisms (E50EM); soil + 30 t ha-1 of the combination of various green crop residues and weeds (RC30) and soil + 30 t ha-1 of the combination of various green crop residues and weeds + 30 L ha-1 of effective microorganisms (RC30EM). Soil samples were taken before and after incubation and their physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters analyzed. Significant increase was observed in the production of exopolysaccharides and basic phosphatase and esterase enzyme activities in the treatments E50EM and RC30EM, in correlation with the humification of organic matter, water retention at field capacity, and the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of the same treatments. The conclusion was drawn that the incorporation of a mixture of effective microorganisms (EM) intensified the biological soil activity and improved physical and chemical soil properties, contributing to a quick humification of fresh organic matter. These findings were illustrated by the microbiological activities of exopolysaccharides and by alkaline phosphatase and esterase enzymes, which can be used as early and integrated soil health indicators. As propriedades do solo foram avaliadas sob condições de temperatura e umidade controladas, após a incorporação da matéria orgânica e de microrganismos eficazes (EM), em um solo franco argiloso coletado sob cultivos protegidos em Aranjuéz (Madrid). Os seguintes tratamentos foram empregados: solo (controle); solo + 50 t ha-1 de esterco de animal (E50); E50 + 30 L ha-1 EM (E50EM); solo + 30 t ha-1 de restos de cultivos + plantas invasoras (RC30); RC30 + 30 L ha-1 EM (RC30EM). Amostras de solo foram retiradas após os tratamentos, antes e após a incubação e analisadas usando parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo na produção de exopolissacarídeos, nas atividades enzimáticas de esterases e fosfatases alcalina principalmente, nos tratamentos E50EM e RC30EM, sendo diretamente correlacionadas com a humificação da matéria orgânica, com a capacidade de campo e com a capacidade de troca catiônica desses mesmos tratamentos. A partir desses resultados, pode se concluir que a qualidade do solo com a incorporação de EM potencializou a atividade biológica, contribuindo para uma mais rápida humificação da matéria orgânica fresca e melhorando a estrutura e fertilidade do solo, conforme análise das propriedades físicas e químicas, destacando-se os parâmetros microbiológicos como indicadores precoces de recuperação da qualidade do solo.