Hygrothermal Damage Monitoring of Composite Adhesive Joint Using the Full Spectral Response of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 14; no. 3; p. 368
• Main Authors: Shin, Chow-Shing, Lin, Tzu-Chieh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 18.01.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Absorption; Adhesive joints; Adhesives; Aging; Bond strength; Bragg gratings; Composite materials; Composite structures; Cracking (fracturing); Defects; Degradation; Fatigue failure; Fracture mechanics; High temperature; Humidity; Lap joints; Moisture; Moisture content; Monitoring; Nondestructive testing; Polymers; Sensors; Spectra; Spectral sensitivity; Spectrum analysis; Swelling; hygrothermal damage; full spectral response; fiber Bragg grating; fatigue failure; adhesive joint; tensile failure
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym14030368

Adhesive joints in composite structures are subject to degradation by elevated temperature and moisture. Moisture absorption leads to swelling, plasticization, weakening of the interface, interfacial defects/cracking and reduction in strength. Moisture and material degradation before the formation of defects are not readily revealed by conventional non-destructive examination techniques. Embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors can reflect the swelling strain in adhesive joints and offer an economical alternative for on-line monitoring of moisture absorption under hygrothermal aging. Most of the available works relied on the peak shifting phenomenon for sensing. Degradation of adhesive and interfacial defects will lead to non-uniform strain that may chirp the FBG spectrum, causing complications in the peak shifting measurement. It is reasoned that the full spectral responses may be more revealing regarding the joint’s integrity. Studies on this aspect are still lacking. In this work, single-lap joint composite specimens with embedded FBGs are soaked in 60 °C water for 30 days. Spectrum evolution during this period and subsequent tensile and fatigue failure has been studied to shed some light on the possible use of the full spectral response to monitor the development of hygrothermal degradation.