Dead-Time Elimination for Voltage Source Inverters
A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into two basic switching cells, which are configured with a controllable switch in series with an uncontrollable diode. Therefore, dead-time is not...
Saved in:
| Published in | IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 574 - 580 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, NY
IEEE
01.03.2008
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into two basic switching cells, which are configured with a controllable switch in series with an uncontrollable diode. Therefore, dead-time is not needed. In comparison to using expensive current sensors, this method precisely determines the load current direction by detecting which anti-parallel diode conducts in a phase-leg. A low-cost diode-conduction detector is developed to measure the operating state of the anti-parallel diode. In comparison with complicated compensators, this method features simple logic and flexible implementation. This method significantly reduces the output distortion and regains the output RMS value. The principle of the proposed dead-time elimination method is described in detail. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of this new method. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into two basic switching cells, which are configured with a controllable switch in series with an uncontrollable diode. Therefore, dead-time is not needed. In comparison to using expensive current sensors, this method precisely determines the load current direction by detecting which anti-parallel diode conducts in a phase-leg. A low-cost diode-conduction detector is developed to measure the operating state of the anti-parallel diode. In comparison with complicated compensators, this method features simple logic and flexible implementation. This method significantly reduces the output distortion and regains the output RMS value. The principle of the proposed dead-time elimination method is described in detail. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of this new method. A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into two basic switching cells, which are configured with a controllable switch in series with an uncontrollable diode. Therefore, dead-time is not needed. In comparison to using expensive current sensors, this method precisely determines the load current direction by detecting which anti-parallel diode conducts in a phase-leg. A low-cost diode-conduction detector is developed to measure the operating state of the anti-parallel diode. In comparison with complicated compensators, this method features simple logic and flexible implementation. This method significantly reduces the output distortion and regains the output RMS value. The principle of the proposed dead-time elimination method is described in detail. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of this new method. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into two basic switching cells, which are configured with a controllable switch [abstract truncated by publisher]. |
| Author | Lihua Chen Fang Zheng Peng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: L surname: Chen fullname: Chen, L – sequence: 2 givenname: F surname: Peng middlename: Z fullname: Peng, F Z |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20188221$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
| BookMark | eNqF0U1r20AQBuAluBA7zT2QiwikPcmZ2e89htRtA4YG4va6rKRRUJClZFcO9N9XwsaHHJrTHuaZGXbeBZt1fUeMXSAsEcHdbB5W6yUHMEuHymh9wuboJOaAYGZsDtaq3DonTtkipWcAlApwzvg3ClW-abaUrdpm23RhaPouq_uY_enbITxR9tjvYknZffdGcaCYPrNPdWgTnR_eM_b7-2pz9zNf__pxf3e7zkuJasiNLiVpIktVoURFUlZQyEKoUFiHNdeVrMtQoVHKKCoUr0epaxTBBUs2iDP2dT_3JfavO0qD3zappLYNHfW75B0IjVIY96G0RoFSzshRfvmvFFKC45yP8OodfB7P0I3_9Ry0dhb0tBf2qIx9SpFq_xKbbYh_PYKfUvFTKn5Kxe9TGVuuD3NDKkNbx9CVTTr2cUBrOcfRXe5dQ0THspRKSSXFP9etlYY |
| CODEN | ITPEE8 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1049_rpg2_12128 crossref_primary_10_3390_app6110344 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2013_2278493 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207217_2012_680794 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2014_2323479 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2016_2645578 crossref_primary_10_1049_joe_2019_1248 crossref_primary_10_1049_pel2_12192 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2010_2041012 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2016_2524635 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2020_2991583 crossref_primary_10_1515_ijeeps_2013_0104 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567036_2019_1668506 crossref_primary_10_6113_TKPE_2012_17_5_401 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2008_2012111 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2009_2039878 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics8020196 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2010_2068563 crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_22717 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2017_05_290 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2023_3348301 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2016_2517679 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conengprac_2020_104697 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_simpat_2010_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1109_TEC_2009_2025419 crossref_primary_10_1109_TTE_2023_3306872 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2021_3137839 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2018_2846719 crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_23374 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2022_3226865 crossref_primary_10_7305_automatika_53_2_128 crossref_primary_10_1109_TEC_2017_2679701 crossref_primary_10_5207_JIEIE_2012_26_1_029 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2009_2031902 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_022_01560_1 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2015_2506400 crossref_primary_10_3390_en11061577 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics10040426 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2012_2227811 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2014_0509 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2019_0503 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2010_2049031 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2020_2998737 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2009_2024676 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2022_3177757 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2018_2839659 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2017_2696480 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2009_2024151 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2013_2289907 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2946845 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2018_2825941 crossref_primary_10_6113_TKPE_2012_17_3_213 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2020_3043392 crossref_primary_10_7305_automatika_2017_02_1561 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2013_2285399 crossref_primary_10_5207_JIEIE_2011_25_4_001 crossref_primary_10_5207_JIEIE_2011_25_4_124 crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_23625 crossref_primary_10_1002_etep_2701 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2021_3112694 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2009_2033098 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2017_2787617 crossref_primary_10_6113_TKPE_2011_16_6_610 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2009_2027530 crossref_primary_10_6113_JPE_2015_15_6_1609 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2022_3216051 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2014_05_048 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2017_2740849 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2013_2238557 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2018_2853045 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2015_2427914 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2014_2347974 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2021_3092400 crossref_primary_10_1109_JESTPE_2021_3128274 crossref_primary_10_2478_v10175_010_0135_y crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2017_2716866 crossref_primary_10_3390_wevj12010017 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2019_2960268 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2009_2014305 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2017_2678525 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2012_2192451 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2014_0680 crossref_primary_10_3103_S1068371215010034 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2018_5808 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_701_1_012054 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1754_1_012203 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2014_2339302 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2018_2825218 crossref_primary_10_1515_ijeeps_2017_0167 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2018_2820727 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2011_2165855 crossref_primary_10_1109_JESTPE_2022_3164130 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3096810 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2017_2704620 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2021_3104828 crossref_primary_10_1109_TTE_2015_2477469 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207217_2017_1357765 crossref_primary_10_1080_01430750_2020_1722222 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2017_0111 crossref_primary_10_1049_el_2013_1704 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2009_2033064 crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_22107 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17071693 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2013_2251737 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_020_2772_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2013_2242415 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2012_2188045 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2011_2112313 crossref_primary_10_1049_pel2_12497 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2017_2768524 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2017_2767294 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2012_2211039 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_2405336 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2010_2098050 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2014_2303932 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2010_2054837 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2014_2341583 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2013_0556 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2023_3308135 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2017_2774363 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2018_2868030 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2016_2630712 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2011_2181419 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2013_2275551 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2014_2327579 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2021_3103159 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TPEL.2006.876850 10.1109/TPEL.2005.854046 10.1109/81.762927 10.1109/CIEP.1996.618549 10.1109/TIA.2005.857472 10.1109/TIE.2006.888793 10.1109/9780470546284 10.1109/LPEL.2005.851310 10.1109/63.774205 10.1109/TPEL.2006.880244 10.1109/IAS.2005.1518427 10.1109/IAS.1999.798757 10.1109/41.564157 10.1109/TIE.2004.834940 10.1109/TIE.2007.894770 10.1109/TPEL.2003.820600 10.1109/TIA.2004.836149 10.1109/TPEL.2003.818833 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2008 INIST-CNRS Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Mar 2008 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2008 INIST-CNRS – notice: Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Mar 2008 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE IQODW AAYXX CITATION 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 JQ2 KR7 L7M F28 |
| DOI | 10.1109/TPEL.2007.915766 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE/IET Electronic Library Pascal-Francis CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Civil Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Engineering Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering |
| DatabaseTitleList | Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil Engineering Abstracts |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library Online url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Applied Sciences |
| EISSN | 1941-0107 |
| EndPage | 580 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 1444957411 10_1109_TPEL_2007_915766 20188221 4455454 |
| Genre | orig-research Feature |
| GroupedDBID | -~X 0R~ 29I 3EH 4.4 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AASAJ ABFSI ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACGFS ACIWK ACKIV AENEX AETIX AI. AIBXA AKJIK ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ASUFR ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BKOMP BPEOZ CS3 DU5 E.L EBS EJD HZ~ H~9 ICLAB IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 MS~ O9- OCL P2P PQQKQ RIA RIE RIG RNS RXW TAE TAF TN5 VH1 VJK XFK 08R ABPTK IQODW AAYXX CITATION 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 JQ2 KR7 L7M F28 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-76c4e6ee8edb53de44d0b4b35ab891f26d4fcad175575eb52f8ed6f13a9a8e8a3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISSN | 0885-8993 |
| IngestDate | Sat Aug 17 00:46:34 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 17 03:40:32 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 17 00:50:57 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 19:22:34 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 02:13:00 EDT 2024 Sun Oct 22 16:06:49 EDT 2023 Wed Jun 26 19:26:53 EDT 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | Harmonic Dead-time Diode Measurement sensor Experimental study Switching Implementation Voltage source converter Current sensor Deadtime Switching conditions phase-leg Compensator System simulation Selector switch Pulse duration modulation Root mean square value gate drive Cost lowering Comparative study pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c415t-76c4e6ee8edb53de44d0b4b35ab891f26d4fcad175575eb52f8ed6f13a9a8e8a3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 206698069 |
| PQPubID | 23500 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_206698069 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2007_915766 pascalfrancis_primary_20188221 ieee_primary_4455454 proquest_miscellaneous_34409222 proquest_miscellaneous_903614379 proquest_miscellaneous_875055974 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2008-03-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2008-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2008 text: 2008-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | New York, NY |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York, NY – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on power electronics |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TPEL |
| PublicationYear | 2008 |
| Publisher | IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref13 peng (ref21) 2005 ref12 park (ref16) 2003; 3 ref15 ref14 mohan (ref19) 2003 ref20 ref11 ref10 ref2 ref1 ref17 ref18 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2006.876850 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.854046 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/81.762927 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/CIEP.1996.618549 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TIA.2005.857472 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2006.888793 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/9780470546284 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/LPEL.2005.851310 – volume: 3 start-page: 2033 year: 2003 ident: ref16 article-title: a novel dead-time elimination method using single-input enhanced phase-leg configuration publication-title: Proc IEEE IAS Annu Meeting contributor: fullname: park – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/63.774205 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2006.880244 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1109/IAS.2005.1518427 – start-page: 2290 year: 2005 ident: ref21 article-title: development of a 1.5 mva universal converter module for ship propulsion, traction drive and utility applications publication-title: Proc IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf contributor: fullname: peng – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/IAS.1999.798757 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/41.564157 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2004.834940 – year: 2003 ident: ref19 publication-title: Power Electronics-Converters Applications and Design contributor: fullname: mohan – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2007.894770 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.820600 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1109/TIA.2004.836149 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.818833 |
| SSID | ssj0014501 |
| Score | 2.4499 |
| Snippet | A novel dead-time elimination method is presented in this paper for voltage source inverters. This method is based on decomposing of a generic phase-leg into... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref pascalfrancis ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 574 |
| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Circuit properties Circuits Comparative analysis Connection and protection apparatus Convertors Dead-time Detectors Diodes Distortion Electric currents Electric potential Electric power Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Electrical machines Electronic circuits Electronics Exact sciences and technology gate drive harmonic Intelligent structures Inverters Low voltage Phase detection Phase modulation phase-leg Power electronics Pulse width modulation Pulse width modulation inverters pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Simulation Switches Switching, multiplexing, switched capacity circuits Voltage |
| Title | Dead-Time Elimination for Voltage Source Inverters |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4455454 https://www.proquest.com/docview/206698069 https://search.proquest.com/docview/34409222 https://search.proquest.com/docview/875055974 https://search.proquest.com/docview/903614379 |
| Volume | 23 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LT9wwEB4BJ3poC7RqSoEcuFSqlyR-JD5WZRFCgCoVKm6RH-NL0W7VzV766zu2d9MXSNwi2QdnxuP5xjP-BuCYfIwi0NYxa51nog2CGac089JLXYeWNyEGilfX6vxWXNzJuw34ML6FQcRUfIaT-Jly-X7ulvGq7EQIcn5SbMJmVzX5rdaYMRAytTomo5GMYgi-TklW-uTm8_QykxXqWmY-xN8uKPVUiRWRZkFCCbmbxX8Hc_I2Zy_gar3OXGTybbIc7MT9_IfC8ak_8hKer2Bn-THvkx3YwNkuPPuDjHAPmlNSN4tPQsrpfer1FXVWEqgtv87vBzp3yi_ppr-M3ByxEnTxCm7PpjefztmqowJz5KgH1ionUCF26K3kHoXwlRWWS2M70kyjvAjOeIIUhOLQyibQTBVqbrTpsDP8NWzN5jN8AyUn05dcB6kFCqda4xrUaEVd-9CGVhTwfi3k_nsmzuhTwFHpPiok9r9s-6yQAvaijMZ5K_EUcPiXVsZxAi0UGDR1AftrNfUr01v0kZ9ed5XSBRyNo2QzMRFiZjhfLnouKKolYFRA-cgMiuKqFGs9PkWT768jm-Pbh1e_D9u5tiTWq72DreHHEg8IwAz2MO3cX7Z97Tk |
| link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,802,27955,27956,55107 |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB6VcoAeyqOgpoU2By5IeJvEj8RHBFstsFshsUW9RXY8vlDtVt3shV_P2N4Nz0rcItkHZ8bj-cYz_gbgFfkYRaCtYdZ2jonaC2Y6pZmTTurS17zyIVCcXajJpfh4Ja924M3wFgYRY_EZjsJnzOW7ZbcOV2VnQpDzk-Ie3Cc_X9TptdaQMxAyNjsms5GMogi-TUoW-mz-eTxNdIW6lIkR8acTil1VQk2kWZFYfOpn8dfRHP3N-SOYbVeayky-jda9HXXf_yBx_N9feQz7G-CZv0075Qns4OIp7P1CR3gA1XtSOAuPQvLxdez2FbSWE6zNvy6vezp58i_xrj8P7ByhFnT1DC7Px_N3E7bpqcA6ctU9q1UnUCE26KzkDoVwhRWWS2Mb0k2lnPCdcQQqCMehlZWnmcqX3GjTYGP4c9hdLBd4CDkn45dce6kFik7VpqtQoxVl6Xzta5HB662Q25tEndHGkKPQbVBI6IBZt0khGRwEGQ3zNuLJ4OQ3rQzjBFsoNKjKDI63amo3xrdqA0O9bgqlMzgdRslqQirELHC5XrVcUFxL0CiD_I4ZFMcVMdq6e4om718GPsejf6_-FB5M5rNpO_1w8ekYHqZKk1C99gJ2-9s1viQ409uTuIt_AFjT8I0 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dead-Time+Elimination+for+Voltage+Source+Inverters&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+power+electronics&rft.au=Chen%2C+Lihua&rft.au=Fang%2C+Zheng+Peng&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.issn=0885-8993&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=574&rft.epage=580&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTPEL.2007.915766&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-8993&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-8993&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-8993&client=summon |