Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as an Adhesive Layer for Stable Growth of Vertically-Ordered Mesoporous Silica Film on a Glassy Carbon Electrode and Their Application for CA15-3 Immunosensor

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 29; no. 18; p. 4334
• Main Authors: Xing, Jun, Wang, Hongxin, Yan, Fei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.09.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Adhesives; Adsorption; Antibodies; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Cancer; carbohydrate antigen 15-3; Carbon; Carbon - chemistry; carbon nitride nanosheets; Electric properties; electrochemical immunosensor; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrons; glassy carbon electrode; Graphene; Humans; Immunoassay - methods; Limit of Detection; Mucin-1 - blood; Nanomaterials; Nanostructures - chemistry; Nitrides; Nitriles - chemistry; Porosity; Potassium; Sensors; Silica; Silicon Dioxide - chemistry; vertically ordered mesoporous silica film; China; electrochemical immunosensor; vertically ordered mesoporous silica film; glassy carbon electrode; carbon nitride nanosheets; carbohydrate antigen 15-3
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184334

Vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) are a class of porous materials composed of ultrasmall pores and ultrathin perpendicular nanochannels, which are attractive in the areas of electroanalytical sensors and molecular separation. However, VMSF easily falls off from the carbonaceous electrodes and thereby impacts their broad applications. Herein, carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) were served as an adhesive layer for stable growth of VMSF on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). CNNS bearing plentiful oxygen-containing groups can covalently bind with silanol groups of VMSF, effectively promoting the stability of VMSF on the GCE surface. Benefiting from numerous open nanopores of VMSF, modification of VMSF's external surface with carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3)-specific antibody allows the target-controlled transport of electrochemical probes through the internal silica nanochannels, yielding sensitive quantitative detection of CA15-3 with a broad detection range of 1 mU/mL to 1000 U/mL and a low limit of detection of 0.47 mU/mL. Furthermore, the proposed VMSF/CNNS/GCE immunosensor is capable of highly selective and accurate determination of CA15-3 in spiked serum samples, which offers a simple and effective electrochemical strategy for detection of various practical biomarkers in complicated biological specimens.