Commercial hickory-smoke flavouring is a human lymphoblast mutagen but does not induce lung adenomas in newborn mice

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 331 - 335
• Main Authors: Braun, A.G., Busby, W.F., Jackman, J., Halpin, P.A., Thilly, W.G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.04.1987; New York, NY Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adenoma - chemically induced; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aroma and flavouring agent industries; Biological and medical sciences; Flavoring Agents - toxicity; Food industries; Food toxicology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Lung Neoplasms - chemically induced; Lymphocytes - drug effects; Medical sciences; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Salmonella typhimurium - genetics; Toxicology; Hickory nut; Wood; Mutagenicity testing; Toxicity; Lung; Rodentia; Food additive; Adenoma; Mutagen; Salmonella typhimurium; Flavouring agent; Carcinogen; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Mouse; Newborn animal; Bacteria; Tumor; Escherichieae; Fumes; Enterobacteriaceae; Liquid smoke; Toxicology
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(87)90131-1

Commercial aqueous wood-smoke flavouring induced significant increases in the 6-thioguanine resistance mutation frequency of TK6 human lymphoblasts at 0.1 μl flavouring/ml of cell suspension. This corresponds to 6 μg/ml of dissolved ‘solids’ as determined by fully drying the aqueous flavouring in a vacuum desiccator. In AHH-1 human lymphoblasts, which contain a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system, mutations were induced at 0.3 μl/ml, corresponding to 18 μl/ml of dissolved ‘solids’. The flavouring did not induce 8-azaguanine resistant mutations in Salmonella typhimurium at concentrations up to 1.5 μl/ml. At higher concentrations the flavouring was toxic to bacteria. The flavouring did not induce lung adenomas or other tumours in newborn mice when injected ip with total doses of up to 26 μl over a 3-wk period. Toxicity to the kidney, colon and rectum was observed in some mice at 15 wk of age.