Direct modification of hydrogen/deuterium-terminated diamond particles with polymers to form reversed and strong cation exchange solid phase extraction sorbents

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1217; no. 49; pp. 7621 - 7629
• Main Authors: Yang, Li, Jensen, David S., Vail, Michael A., Dadson, Andrew, Linford, Matthew R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 03.12.2010; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; Elsevier
• Subjects: 1-Naphthylamine - chemistry; Adsorption; Analytical chemistry; Cation Exchange Resins - chemistry; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cross-Linking Reagents; Deuterium - chemistry; Diamond; Diamond - chemistry; Divinylbenzene; Exact sciences and technology; Hydrogen - chemistry; Hydrogen-terminated diamond; Peroxides - chemistry; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Polystyrene; Polystyrenes - chemistry; Solid phase extraction; Solid Phase Extraction - methods; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfonic Acids - chemistry; Surface Properties; Vinyl Compounds - chemistry; Solid phase extraction; Diamond; Hydrogen-terminated diamond; Divinylbenzene; Polystyrene; Deuterium; Fourier transformation; Chemical analysis; Hydrogen; X ray; Chemical enrichment; Characterization; Sample preparation; Styrenesulfonate copolymer; Photoelectron spectrometry; Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry; Adsorbent; Breakthrough curve; Modified material; Trace analysis; Benzene(divinyl) copolymer; Diffuse reflection; Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Hydrogen Isotopes; Surface treatment; Infrared spectrometry; Time of flight method; Preparation; Styrenesulfonate polymer; Cation exchanger; Comparative study; Styrene copolymer
• ISSN: 0021-9673; 1873-3778
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.014

We describe direct polymer attachment to hydrogen and deuterium-terminated diamond (HTD and DTD) surfaces using a radical initiator (di- tert-amyl peroxide, DTAP), a reactive monomer (styrene) and a crosslinking agent (divinylbenzene, DVB) to create polystyrene encapsulated diamond. Chemisorbed polystyrene is sulfonated with sulfuric acid in acetic acid. Surface changes were followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). Finally, both polystyrene-modified DTD and sulfonated styrene-modified DTD were used in solid phase extraction (SPE). Percent recovery and column capacity were investigated for both phenyl (polystyrene) and sulfonic acid treated polystyrene SPE columns. These diamond-based SPE supports are stable under basic conditions, which is not the case for silica-based SPE supports.