DNA chips: State-of-the art

• Published in: Nature biotechnology Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 40 - 44
• Main Author: Ramsay, Graham
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.01.1998; Nature
• Subjects: Agriculture; Animals; beta-Thalassemia - genetics; Bioinformatics; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology; Biomedicine; Biosensors; Biotechnology; Cystic Fibrosis - genetics; DNA Probes; DNA, Single-Stranded - chemical synthesis; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression; Genomic Library; HIV-1 - genetics; Humans; Life Sciences; Methods. Procedures. Technologies; Mutation - genetics; Neoplasms - genetics; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides - chemical synthesis; research-review; Various methods and equipments; Array; Molecular hybridization; Complementary DNA; Biosensor; DNA chip; Oligonucleotide; Review; Mechanism of action; Application; Sequencing
• ISSN: 1087-0156; 1546-1696
• DOI: 10.1038/nbt0198-40

The technology and applications of microarrays of immobilized DNA or oligonucleotides are reviewed. DNA arrays are fabricated by high-speed robotics on glass or nylon substrates, for which labeled probes are used to determine complementary binding allowing massively parallel gene expression and gene discovery studies. Oligonucleotide microarrays are fabricated either by in situ light-directed combinatorial synthesis or by conventional synthesis followed by immobilization on glass substrates. Sample DNA is amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a fluorescent label is inserted and hybridized to the microarray. This technology has been successfully applied to the simultaneous expression of many thousands of genes and to large-scale gene discovery, as well as polymorphism screening and mapping of genomic DNA clones.