A Self‐Organizing Approach to Subject–Verb Number Agreement

• Published in: Cognitive science Vol. 42; no. S4; pp. 1043 - 1074
• Main Authors: Smith, Garrett, Franck, Julie, Tabor, Whitney
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley-Blackwell 01.06.2018; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Agreement attraction; Dynamical systems modeling; Form Classes (Languages); Grammar; Language Processing; Marking and Morphing; Morphology (Languages); Notional plurality; Nouns; Numbers; Semantics; Sentence processing; Sentence Structure; Sentences; Verbs; Marking and Morphing; Sentence processing; Agreement attraction; Dynamical systems modeling; Notional plurality
• ISSN: 0364-0213; 1551-6709; 1551-6709
• DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12591

We present a self‐organizing approach to sentence processing that sheds new light on notional plurality effects in agreement attraction, using pseudopartitive subject noun phrases (e.g., a bottle of pills). We first show that notional plurality ratings (numerosity judgments for subject noun phrases) predict verb agreement choices in pseudopartitives, in line with the “Marking” component of the Marking and Morphing theory of agreement processing. However, no account to date has derived notional plurality values from independently needed principles of language processing. We argue on the basis of new experimental evidence and a dynamical systems model that the theoretical black box of notional plurality can be unpacked into objectively measurable semantic features. With these semantic features driving structure formation (and hence agreement choice), our model reproduces the human verb production patterns as a byproduct of normal processing. Finally, we discuss how the self‐organizing approach might be extended to other agreement attraction phenomena.