Activation volumes and site relaxation in mixed alkali glasses

• Published in: Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol. 352; no. 30-31; pp. 3200 - 3209
• Main Authors: Ingram, Malcolm D., Imrie, Corrie T., Konidakis, Ioannis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.09.2006; Elsevier
• Subjects: Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Conductivity; Disordered solids; Exact sciences and technology; Glasses; Mixed alkali effect; Physics; Pressure effects; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography; Conductivity; Glasses; 66.30.Dn; Pressure effects; Mixed alkali effect; 61.43.Fs; Glass transition; Viscosity; Mixed alkali effect; Conductivity; Pressure effects; Glasses; 61.43.Fs; 66.30.Dn; Internal friction; Activation volume; Glass; Anomaly; Glass structure; Dynamic model
• ISSN: 0022-3093; 1873-4812
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.05.009

Evidence is presented for site relaxations occurring in mixed alkali (cation) glasses based on activation volumes, VA(σ)=−RT[dlnσ/dp]T, which are determined for sodium aluminoborate glasses of varying Na2O content, and for mixed alkali glasses where Na+ is partially replaced by Li+, K+ or Cs+ ions. In accordance with the ‘updated’ dynamic structure model, activation volumes are identified here with local expansions that accompany the opening up of C′ sites to admit incoming ions. ‘Anomalous’ increases in activation volume in mixed cation glasses correlate with the size of minority (guest) cations. This anomaly is interpreted in terms of a ‘leader follower’ mechanism that involves dynamic coupling between the faster (majority) and slower (minority) cations. Because of mismatch effects in mixed cation glasses this coupling requires the opening up of additional cation sites by the slower follower cations. The resulting disturbances in the glass network are responsible for many characteristic features of the mixed alkali effect, including the appearance of high temperature internal friction peaks and observed minima in glass transition temperatures and melt viscosities.