Proinflammatory Effects in Ex Vivo Human Lung Tissue of Respirable Smoke Extracts from Indoor Cooking in Nepal
Exposure to biomass smoke is believed to increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying responses to biomass smoke in human lungs. This study had two objectives: first, to quantify "real-life" exposures to par...
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Published in | Annals of the American Thoracic Society Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 688 - 698 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Thoracic Society
01.06.2020
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Exposure to biomass smoke is believed to increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying responses to biomass smoke in human lungs.
This study had two objectives: first, to quantify "real-life" exposures to particulate matter <2 μm in diameter (PM
) and carbon monoxide (CO) measured during cooking on stoves in rural areas of Nepal in different geographical settings; and second, to assess the effect of biomass smoke extracts on inflammatory responses in
human lung tissue.
Personal exposures to PM
and indoor near-stove CO concentrations were measured during cooking on a range of stoves in 103 households in 4 different Nepalese villages situated at altitudes between ∼100 and 4,000 m above sea level. Inflammatory profiles to smoke extracts collected in the field were assessed by incubating extracts with human lung tissue fragments and subsequent Luminex analysis.
In households using traditional cooking stoves, the overall mean personal exposure to PM
during cooking was 276.1 μg/m
(standard deviation [SD], 265 μg/m
), and indoor CO concentration was 16.3 ppm (SD, 19.65 ppm). The overall mean PM
exposure was reduced by 51% (
= 0.04) in households using biomass fuel in improved cook stoves, and 80% (
< 0.0001) in households using liquefied petroleum gas. Similarly, the indoor CO concentration was reduced by 72% (
< 0.001) and 86% (
< 0.0001) in households using improved cook stoves and liquefied petroleum gas, respectively. Significant increases occurred in 7 of the 17 analytes measured after biomass smoke extract stimulation of human lung tissue (IL-8 [interleukin-8], IL-6, TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α], IL-1β, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL13).
High levels of real-life exposures to PM
and CO occur during cooking events in rural Nepal. These exposures induce lung inflammation
, which may partially explain the increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in these communities. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work. |
ISSN: | 2329-6933 2325-6621 2325-6621 |
DOI: | 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201911-827OC |