Essential Oil Biodiversity of Achillea ligustica All. Obtained from Mainland and Island Populations

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 1054
• Main Authors: Bader, Ammar, AlQathama, Aljawharah, Cioni, Pier Luigi, Ceccarini, Lucia, Abdelhady, Mohamed I S, Al-Shareef, Wajih, Ascrizzi, Roberta, Flamini, Guido
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.04.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Achillea ligustica; Asteraceae; Biodiversity; Borneol; Cineole; Cluster analysis; Composition; Cosmetics; Essential oils; Flavonoids; Flowers; Flowers & plants; fragranol; fragranyl acetate; GC-MS; Islands; Leaves; Ligurian yarrow; Metabolites; Monoterpenes; NMR; Oils & fats; Pheromones; Phytochemicals; Pinene; Polymorphism; Samples; Statistical analysis; Statistical methods; Statistics; Terpineol; Greece; Italy; GC-MS; NMR; fragranol; chemical polymorphism; Asteraceae; Ligurian yarrow; fragranyl acetate
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants11081054

The genus is rich in essential oil (EO) with high chemical diversity. In this study, eight EO samples obtained from flowers and leaves of All. collected on the Mediterranean mainland and island locations were analyzed to evaluate their possible chemical diversity. Sixteen samples of EO were analyzed by GC-MS, leading to the identification of 95 compounds in the leaves and 86 compounds in the flowers; a statistical analysis was performed to determine the chemical polymorphism. Monoterpenes, such as β-pinene, borneol, ɑ-terpineol and bornyl acetate, were more abundant in the continental samples, while the insular samples were richer in 1,8-cineole. Fragranyl acetate and fragranol were detected in remarkable concentrations in sample 8. The fruits of sample 8 were then cultivated under controlled agronomic conditions, providing plants rich in these compounds (sample 9). The geographical variability influenced the EO compositions, with unique observed chemotypes and a high degree of diversity among samples collected in various areas (mainland or island). Statistical analyses did not reveal any pattern between the geographical provenience and the compositions. Samples were distributed based on the plant organ, confirming the already reported high degree of chemical polymorphism of this species. Sample 8 could be used as a source of fragranol and fragranyl acetate, with potential applications in the insecticidal and pheromone industries.