Significant roles of neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: therapeutic targets for PD prevention

• Published in: Archives of pharmacal research Vol. 42; no. 5; pp. 416 - 425
• Main Authors: Lee, Yujeong, Lee, Seulah, Chang, Seung-Cheol, Lee, Jaewon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 01.05.2019; 대한약학회
• Subjects: astrocytes; brain; brain damage; chemokines; immune response; Medicine; neurons; neurotoxicity; Parkinson disease; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy; Review; therapeutics; 약학; A2 astrocyte; Neuroinflammation; Glia; A1 astrocyte; Parkinson’s disease; Microglia
• ISSN: 0253-6269; 1976-3786; 1976-3786
• DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01133-0

Glial cells outnumber neurons in the brain and play important roles in the neuroinflammation that accompanies brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), dopaminergic neuronal loss is accompanied by inflammatory changes in microglia, astrocytes, innate immune cells, and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Neuroinflammation is probably a fundamental immune response to protect neurons from harm and compensate for neuronal damage, but at the same time, its neurotoxic effects exacerbate neuron damage. Furthermore, neuroinflammatory response is regulated by immune cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, and by cytokines and chemokines. Accordingly, it is crucial that we understand how such immune cells in the brain regulate neuroinflammatory responses in PD pathology. This review describes the roles played by glia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD, both good and bad, and the therapeutic strategies used to treat PD.