Experimental study on the effect of fire alarms on occupants for situational awareness and evacuation decision‐making using a mobile virtual reality head‐mounted display

• Published in: Japan architectural review Vol. 6; no. 1
• Main Authors: Minegishi, Yoshikazu, Takahashi, Wataru, Ikehata, Yuka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 01.01.2023
• Subjects: decision‐making; evacuation start; fire alarm; situational awareness; virtual reality
• ISSN: 2475-8876; 2475-8876
• DOI: 10.1002/2475-8876.12321

Abstract Fire alarms play a significantrole in situational awareness and decision‐making pertaining to evacuation for fire evacuation safety in office buildings that include small rooms, where many occupants cannot directly see fire or smoke. We conducted experiments using a mobile VR head‐mounted display to examine how individuals perceive the sound of fire alarms in rooms of different sizes. Comparing the cases of hearing the alarm sound in the large room and the small room, approximately 70% of the test participants answered that they wanted to check the situation more when they were in the small room because they could not understand the surrounding situation. Regardless of the room size, when test participants hear the early warning voice, approximately 40% of them would check the neighborhood and evacuate, and when they hear the evacuation directive voice alarm, more than 90% will take the same action. We also discussed the awareness process of occupants considering this result and the configuration of a smoke detection system in Japan. Approximately half of the people in the large room take checking actions; however, the remaining people do not take specific confirmation actions for about 1–3 min and do not check for fires or evacuate.