Autonomous vehicle-to-grid design for provision of frequency control ancillary service and distribution voltage regulation

• Published in: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks Vol. 30; p. 100664
• Main Authors: Yumiki, Shota, Susuki, Yoshihiko, Oshikubo, Yuta, Ota, Yutaka, Masegi, Ryo, Kawashima, Akihiko, Ishigame, Atsushi, Inagaki, Shinkichi, Suzuki, Tatsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2022
• Subjects: Ancillary service; Distribution voltage; Electric vehicle; Hardware-in-the-loop; Power grid control; Primary frequency control; Vehicle-to-grid; Vehicle-to-grid; Power grid control; Electric vehicle; Primary frequency control; Ancillary service; Hardware-in-the-loop; Distribution voltage
• ISSN: 2352-4677; 2352-4677
• DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2022.100664

We develop a system-level design for the provision of Ancillary Service (AS) for control of electric power grids by in-vehicle batteries, suitably applied to Electric Vehicles (EVs) operated in a sharing service. An architecture for cooperation between transportation and energy management systems is introduced that enables us to design an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for the provision of multi-objective AS: primary frequency control in a transmission grid and voltage amplitude regulation in a distribution grid connected to EVs. The design is based on the ordinary differential equation model of distribution voltage, which has been recently introduced as a new physics-based model, and is utilized in this paper for assessing and regulating the impact of spatiotemporal charging/charging of a large population of EVs to a distribution grid. Effectiveness of the autonomous V2G design is evaluated with numerical simulations of realistic models for transmission and distribution grids with synthetic operation data on EVs in a sharing service. In addition, we present a hardware-in-the-loop test for evaluating its feasibility in a situation where inevitable latency is involved due to power, control, and communication equipments. •An architecture for cooperative management of EV-sharing operator and distribution system operator is introduced.•An autonomous vehicle-to-grid design for provison of multi-objective ancillary service is introduced and proven to be effective.•Practical feasibility of the proposed autonomous vehicle-to-grid design is established with the power hardware-in-the-loop testing.