Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation

• Published in: Journal of neurophysiology Vol. 115; no. 1; pp. 19 - 38
• Main Authors: Herrington, Todd M., Cheng, Jennifer J., Eskandar, Emad N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Physiological Society 01.01.2016
• Series: Neurobiology of Deep Brain Stimulation
• Subjects: Animals; Brain Waves; Call for Papers; Deep Brain Stimulation; Dyskinesias - physiopathology; Dyskinesias - therapy; Humans; Parkinson Disease - physiopathology; Parkinson Disease - therapy; tremor; Parkinson's disease; basic science of clinical practice; dystonia; obsessive-compulsive disorder; deep brain stimulation
• ISSN: 0022-3077; 1522-1598; 1522-1598
• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00281.2015

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely acts via several, nonexclusive mechanisms including local and network-wide electrical and neurochemical effects of stimulation, modulation of oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity, and, potentially, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These different mechanisms vary in importance depending on the condition being treated and the target being stimulated. Here we review each of these in turn and illustrate how an understanding of these mechanisms is inspiring next-generation approaches to DBS.