Sizing HESS as inertial and primary frequency reserve in low inertia power system

• Published in: IET renewable power generation Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 99 - 113
• Main Authors: Akram, Umer, Mithulananthan, N., Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Pourmousavi, S. Ali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Control of electric power systems; Frequency control; Optimisation techniques; Power system control
• ISSN: 1752-1416; 1752-1424
• DOI: 10.1049/rpg2.12008

Energy storage systems are recognised as the potential solution to alleviate the impacts of reduced inertia and intermittency in power systems due to the integration of renewable energy sources. Several energy storage technologies are available in the market with diverse power and energy characteristics, operational limitations, and costs. Besides, frequency regulations in power systems have different requirements, for example, inertial response requires high power for a short period while primary frequency regulation requires steady power for a longer time. Thus, it is crucial to find out the optimum sizes and types of storage technologies for these services. In this paper, a methodology for sizing fast responsive energy storage technologies for inertial response, primary frequency regulation, and both inertial response and primary frequency regulation is developed. The sizing of storage systems for inertial response, primary frequency regulation, and both inertial response and primary frequency regulation is done separately. The sizing of storage for inertial response is done in two steps. A region reduction iterative algorithm is proposed to estimate the storage size for inertial response. The sizing of the storage system for primary frequency regulation is done analytically. The sizing methodology incorporates the frequency dynamics of storage, converters, and other associated controls that affect the frequency response. Moreover, an economic analysis is carried out to find the optimum combination of storage technologies for inertial response, primary frequency regulation, and both inertial response and primary frequency regulation services. The accuracy of the proposed sizing method has been compared with the metaheuristic algorithm based technique. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also compared with those in the literature. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in the literature. Finally, the non‐linear simulations revealed the validity of the optimal solutions.