Transfer of Central Nervous System Autoantigens and Presentation in Secondary Lymphoid Organs

• Published in: The Journal of immunology (1950) Vol. 169; no. 10; pp. 5415 - 5423
• Main Authors: de Vos, Alex F, van Meurs, Marjan, Brok, Herbert P, Boven, Leonie A, Hintzen, Rogier Q, van der Valk, Paul, Ravid, Rivka, Rensing, Susanne, Boon, Louis, Hart, Bert A. 't, Laman, Jon D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Am Assoc Immnol 15.11.2002
• Subjects: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology; Antigen-Presenting Cells - metabolism; Antigen-Presenting Cells - pathology; Autoantigens - analysis; Autoantigens - metabolism; Axilla; Biomarkers - analysis; Brain - immunology; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Callithrix; Cell Aggregation - immunology; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - immunology; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - metabolism; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - pathology; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - analysis; Humans; Inguinal Canal; Lymph Nodes - chemistry; Lymph Nodes - immunology; Lymph Nodes - metabolism; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Macaca fascicularis; Macaca mulatta; Multiple Sclerosis - immunology; Multiple Sclerosis - metabolism; Multiple Sclerosis - pathology; Myelin Basic Protein - analysis; Myelin Basic Protein - immunology; Myelin Basic Protein - metabolism; Neck; Protein Transport - immunology; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes - chemistry; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; T-Lymphocytes - pathology
• ISSN: 0022-1767; 1550-6606
• DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5415

Dendritic cells are thought to regulate tolerance induction vs immunization by transferring Ags and peripheral signals to draining lymph nodes (LN). However, whether myelin Ag transfer and presentation in LN occurs during demyelinating brain disease is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate redistribution of autoantigens from brain lesions to cervical LN in monkey experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in multiple sclerosis (MS). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly more cells containing myelin Ags in cervical LN of monkeys with EAE compared with those of healthy control monkeys. Myelin Ags were observed in cells expressing dendritic cell/macrophage-specific markers, MHC class II, and costimulatory molecules. Moreover, these cells were directly juxtaposed to T cells, suggesting that cognate interactions between myelin-containing APC and T cells are taking place in brain-draining LN. Indeed, myelin Ag-reactive T cells were observed in cervical LN from marmosets and rhesus monkeys. Importantly, these findings were paralleled by our findings in human tissue. We observed significantly more myelin Ag-containing cells in LN of individuals with MS compared with those of control individuals. These cells expressed APC markers, as observed in marmosets and rhesus monkeys. These findings suggest that during MS and EAE, modulation of T cell reactivity against brain-derived Ags also takes place in cervical LN and not necessarily inside the brain. A major implication is that novel therapeutic strategies may be targeted to peripheral events, thereby circumventing the blood-brain barrier.