Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research

The incidence of diabetes mellitus(DM) continues to rise and has quickly become one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases worldwide. A close link exists between DM and cardiovascular disease(CVD), which is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Cardiova...

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Published inWorld journal of diabetes Vol. 6; no. 13; pp. 1246 - 1258
Main Authors Leon, Benjamin M, Maddox, Thomas M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 10.10.2015
Subjects
Diabetes
disease;Mechanism
mellitus;Cardiovascular
Review
Cardiovascular disease
Treatment
Diabetes mellitus
Mechanism
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Summary:The incidence of diabetes mellitus(DM) continues to rise and has quickly become one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases worldwide. A close link exists between DM and cardiovascular disease(CVD), which is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular(CV) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events. In addition, many studies have found biological mechanisms associated with DM that independently increase the risk of CVD in diabetic patients. Therefore, targeting CV risk factors in patients with DM is critical to minimize the long-term CV complications of the disease. This paper summarizes the relationship between diabetes and CVD, examines possible mechanisms of disease progression, discusses current treatment recommendations, and outlines future research directions.
Bibliography:Benjamin M Leon;Thomas M Maddox;Department of Education, University of Colorado School of Medicine;Cardiology 111b, VA Eastern Colorado HCS,Denver, CO 80220, United States
Diabetes mellitus;Cardiovascular disease;Mechanism
The incidence of diabetes mellitus(DM) continues to rise and has quickly become one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases worldwide. A close link exists between DM and cardiovascular disease(CVD), which is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular(CV) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events. In addition, many studies have found biological mechanisms associated with DM that independently increase the risk of CVD in diabetic patients. Therefore, targeting CV risk factors in patients with DM is critical to minimize the long-term CV complications of the disease. This paper summarizes the relationship between diabetes and CVD, examines possible mechanisms of disease progression, discusses current treatment recommendations, and outlines future research directions.
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Correspondence to: Thomas M Maddox, MD, MSc, Cardiology 111b, VA Eastern Colorado HCS, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80220, United States. thomas.maddox@va.gov
Telephone: +1-303-3932826 Fax: +1-303-3935054
Author contributions: Leon BM and Maddox TM organized, wrote and edited the review article.
ISSN:1948-9358
1948-9358
DOI:10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246