Improving the Accuracy of Direction of Arrival Estimation with Multiple Signal Inputs Using Deep Learning

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 10; p. 2971
• Main Authors: Lu, Yihan, Guan, Hengchao, Yang, Kun, Peng, Tong, Wen, Chengyuan, Li, Xin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 07.05.2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Antennas; CAPON; CNN; Deep learning; Design; DOA estimates; Eigenvalues; Lagrange multiplier; Machine learning; Methods; Music; Neural networks; Noise control; noise reduction; Signal processing; noise reduction; CNN; DOA estimates; CAPON
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s24102971

In this paper, an innovative cyclic noise reduction method and an improved CAPON algorithm (also the called minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) algorithm) are proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of DOA (direction of arrival) estimation. By processing the eigenvalues obtained from the covariance matrix of the received signal, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be increased by up to 5 dB by the cyclic noise reduction method, which will improve the DOA estimation accuracy. The improved CAPON algorithm has a convolution neural network (CNN) structure, whose input is the processed covariance matrix of the received signal, and the CAPON spectral value is used as the training label to obtain the estimated spatial spectrum. It retains the advantages of the CAPON algorithm, which can achieve blind source estimation, and simulations show that the proposed algorithm exhibits a better performance than the traditional algorithm in conditions of various SNRs and snapshot numbers. The simulation results show that, based on a certain SNR, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the improved CAPON algorithm can be reduced from 0.86° to 0.8° compared to traditional algorithms, and the angle estimation error can be decreased by up to about 0.3°. With the help of the cyclic noise reduction method, the angle estimation error decreases from 0.04° to 0.02°.