Rejecting Unknown Gestures Based on Surface-Electromyography Using Variational Autoencoder

• Published in: IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering Vol. 32; pp. 750 - 758
• Main Authors: Dai, Qingfeng, Wong, Yongkang, Kankanhalli, Mohan, Li, Xiangdong, Geng, Weidong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.01.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Decoding; Density; Electromyography; Feature extraction; Gaussian distribution; Gesture recognition; Normal distribution; Open-set recognition; Prototypes; Statistical analysis; surface electromyography; Training; variational autoencoder
• ISSN: 1534-4320; 1558-0210
• DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3360035

The conventional surface electromyography (sEMG)-based gesture recognition systems exhibit impressive performance in controlled laboratory settings. As most systems are trained in a closed-set setting, the systems's performance may see significant deterioration when novel gestures are presented as imposter. In addition, the state-of-the-art generative and discriminative methods have achieved considerable performance on high-density sEMG signals. This can be seen as an unrealistic setting as the real-world muscle computer interface are mainly comprised of sparse multichannel sEMG signals. In this work, we propose a novel variational autoencoder based approach for open-set gesture recognition based on sparse multichannel sEMG signals. Using the predefined corresponding latent conditional distribution of known gestures, the conditional Gaussian distribution of each known gesture is learned. Those samples with low probability density are identified as unknown gestures. The sEMG signals of known gestures are classified using the Kullback-Leibler divergences between the predefined prior distributions and input samples. The proposed approach is evaluated using three benchmark sparse multichannel sEMG databases. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the existing open-set sEMG-based gesture recognition approaches and achieves a better trade-off between classifying known gestures and rejecting unknown gestures.