Neuro-ophthalmic findings in the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease

• Published in: Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) Vol. 111; no. 2; pp. 376 - 380
• Main Authors: Lee, Andrew G, Martin, Coleman O
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2004
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Atrophy; Blindness, Cortical - diagnosis; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Hemianopsia - diagnosis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Occipital Lobe - pathology; Parietal Lobe - pathology; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Vision Disorders - diagnosis; Visual Field Tests; Visual Fields
• ISSN: 0161-6420; 1549-4713
• DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00732-2

To describe the clinical features of a visual variant Alzheimer's disease, a disorder that might be seen by the ophthalmologist with visual symptoms and signs. Retrospective case series. Eight patients with Alzheimer's disease presenting with predominantly visual complaints. A retrospective review of patients at a tertiary care academic center seen by the authors from 1999 to 2001 with Alzheimer's disease and predominantly visual complaints. Eight patients with the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease were reviewed. All had seen eye care providers before referral to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic for visual complaints but without a diagnosis. Four patients had homonymous visual field loss, and two had presumed cortical visual impairment. Neuroimaging showed either normal brain (1 patient) or atrophy of the parietal or occipital areas but no structural lesions (7 patients). Fluoro-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans were performed in five of the cases, and all showed hypoperfusion in the parietooccipital areas. Neuropsychologic testing revealed visuospatial deficits in all 5 patients tested. Visual symptoms might be the presenting (or rarely only) manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. Clinicians should be aware of the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis. Positron emission tomography scans might be helpful in selected cases, especially those with a normal MRI.