Washless Method Enables Multilayer Coating of an Aggregation‐Prone Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System with Enhanced Yields, Colloidal Stability, and Scalability

• Published in: Macromolecular bioscience Vol. 17; no. 6
• Main Authors: Nayef, Lamees, Castiello, Rafael, Tabrizian, Maryam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2017
• Subjects: Adsorption; Adsorption - drug effects; Agglomeration; aggregation; Alginates; Alginates - chemistry; Alginates - therapeutic use; Alginates - ultrastructure; Alginic acid; Atomic force microscopy; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; Chitosan - therapeutic use; Coating; Colloids - chemistry; Colloids - therapeutic use; Drug delivery; Drug Delivery Systems; Electron microscopy; Fourier transforms; Glucuronic Acid - chemistry; Glucuronic Acid - therapeutic use; Hexuronic Acids - chemistry; Hexuronic Acids - therapeutic use; Humans; Infrared spectroscopy; layer‐by‐layer self‐assembled coating; liposomes; Liposomes - chemistry; Liposomes - therapeutic use; Liposomes - ultrastructure; Microbalances; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Multilayers; nanoparticle; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - therapeutic use; Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; polyelectrolyte multilayer films; Polyelectrolytes; Polyelectrolytes - chemistry; Polyelectrolytes - therapeutic use; Quartz; Quartz crystal microbalance; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Quartz crystals; Reflectance; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum analysis; Studies; Surface Properties; Thickness; nanoparticle; aggregation; liposomes; layer-by-layer self-assembled coating; polyelectrolyte multilayer films
• ISSN: 1616-5187; 1616-5195
• DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600535

Aggregation is frequently encountered during coating nanoparticles, especially when the core is not solid and the coating polyelectrolytes are weak. Here, the coating of a nanoliposome with two weak polyelectrolytes, alginate and chitosan, is investigated. First, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirm the feasibility of firm adsorption of up to 16 layers of weak polyelectrolytes to the liposomal surface. Titrations are then performed to identify the lowest amounts of polyelectrolytes required to make eight saturated coating layers using the washless method. Significantly improved yields and reproducibility (almost 100%) are achieved, in addition to control over layer thickness. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirm the success of layering. This is special since scientists always attempt to reduce nanoparticle aggregation by substituting the soft core, using one strong polyelectrolyte, or contending with lower yields or numbers of coating layers. Washless method titrations allow coating aggregation‐prone liposome core nanoparticle with eight layers of polyelectrolyte with higher yields and reproducibility promising greater success in investigating a broader range of multilayer‐coated nanoparticles for applications like drug delivery.