Efficacy of Antibiotic-Coated Catheters in Preventing Subcutaneous Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Rabbits

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 167; no. 1; pp. 98 - 106
• Main Authors: Sherertz, Robert J., Carruth, William A., Hampton, A. A., Byron, M. Parke, Solomon, Donald D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01.01.1993; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Antiinfectives; Biological and medical sciences; Catheterization - adverse effects; Catheters; Catheters, Indwelling; Central venous catheterization; Chlorhexidine - pharmacology; Ciprofloxacin - pharmacology; Clindamycin - pharmacology; Coatings; Dicloxacillin - pharmacology; Fusidic Acid - pharmacology; Half lives; Half-Life; Heparin; Indwelling catheters; Infections; Inoculation; Major Articles; Medical sciences; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Rabbits; Staphylococcal Infections - prevention & control; Staphylococcus aureus; Intravenous administration; Catheter; Rabbit; Lagomorpha; Experimental study; Infection; Prevention; Vertebrata; Antibiotic; Mammalia; Animal; Bacteriosis; Bacteria; Micrococcales; Micrococcaceae; Coating; Staphylococcal infection; Comparative study; Staphylococcus aureus
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/167.1.98

Vascular catheters coated with antiinfective compounds were evaluated as to their ability to prevent Staphylococcus aureus catheter infection in a rabbit model. Zones of inhibition of agar surface-plated S. aureus demonstrated the following hierarchy: dicloxacillin and clindamycin were each better than fusidic acid or chlorhexidine, which were better than ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, or cefuroxime. In vivo half-lives of inhibitory activity for clindamycin and dicloxacillin were 5.6 and 17.7 h, respectively, with apparent first-order kinetics. Chlorhexidine disappeared in vivo with apparent two-compartment kinetics: first-compartment t1/2, 16.8 h; second-compartment tl/2, 115.6 h. In a rabbit model, dicloxacillin, clindarnycin, fusidic acid, and chlorhexidine decreased the risk of infection compared with uncoated control catheters (P < .05). For dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and chlorhexidine, this was true even if the S. aureus inoculation was delayed 48 or 96 h after catheter implantation. These data suggest that vascular catheters with antiinfective coatings should be investigated further in hospitalized patients.