Prejudice Expectations Moderate Preconscious Attention to Cues That Are Threatening to Social Identity

• Published in: Psychological science Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 332 - 338
• Main Authors: Kaiser, Cheryl R., Vick, S. Brooke, Major, Brenda
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA Blackwell Publishing 01.04.2006; SAGE Publications
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Attitude; Cues; Diseases; Female; Gender identity; Humans; Male; Opposite gender interaction; Personality; Personality psychology; Prejudice; Prejudices; Psychology; Reaction Time; Sexism; Social Identification; Social identity; Social psychology; Social stigma; Stigma; Subliminal perception; Unconscious (Psychology)
• ISSN: 0956-7976; 1467-9280
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01707.x

Two studies examined whether chronic and situational expectations about being stigmatized predict attention toward cues that are threatening to social identity. In Study 1, women's chronic expectations about experiencing sexism were positively associated with their attention toward subliminal cues threatening to their social identity. In Study 2, women were vigilant toward subliminal cues threatening to their social identity when the experimental situation conveyed that their gender was devalued, but not when the experimental situation promoted value and respect for their gender. Women were vigilant toward consciously presented cues threatening to their social identity regardless of the attitudes the experimental context conveyed toward their group. These studies have important theoretical and practical implications for understanding the psychological experience of possessing a devalued social identity.