The Impact of Selected Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Pregnancy and Female Fertility

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 4; p. 2170
• Main Authors: Smolarczyk, Katarzyna, Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska, Beata, Rudnicka, Ewa, Szukiewicz, Dariusz, Meczekalski, Blazej, Smolarczyk, Roman, Pieta, Wojciech
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.02.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Chlamydia Infections - drug therapy; Chlamydia Infections - etiology; Chlamydia Infections - microbiology; Condoms; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects; Epidemiology; Fallopian Tubes - microbiology; Fallopian Tubes - pathology; Female; Gonorrhea - drug therapy; Gonorrhea - etiology; Humans; Infertility; Infertility, Female - microbiology; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Epidemiology - methods; Mycoplasma genitalium - pathogenicity; Mycoplasma Infections - drug therapy; Mycoplasma Infections - etiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - diagnosis; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - drug therapy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - etiology; Review; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - complications; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - diagnosis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - drug therapy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial - epidemiology; Womens health; United States > US; Europe; Latin America; STI; resistance mechanisms; fertility; genotyping; pregnancy
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042170

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can lead to tubal factor infertility (TFI). TFI is one of the most common causes of infertility, accounting for 30% of female fertility problems. STIs can also have an impact on pregnancy, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Escalating antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium represents a significant problem and can be therapeutically challenging. We present a comprehensive review of the current treatment options, as well as the molecular approach to this subject. We have given special attention to molecular epidemiology, molecular diagnostics, current and new treatments, and drug resistance.