Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress—Relationship with Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Renal Impairment

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 6; p. 3188
• Main Authors: Gherghina, Mihai-Emil, Peride, Ileana, Tiglis, Mirela, Neagu, Tiberiu Paul, Niculae, Andrei, Checherita, Ionel Alexandru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.03.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Alzheimer's disease; Dehydrogenases; Enzymes; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia - metabolism; Hypotheses; Kidneys; Metabolism; Oxidative Stress; Pathogenesis; Quality of Life; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications; Review; Rheumatism; Uric acid; Uric Acid - metabolism; chronic kidney disease; cardiovascular risk; uric acid; outcome; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063188

Background: The connection between uric acid (UA) and renal impairment is well known due to the urate capacity to precipitate within the tubules or extra-renal system. Emerging studies allege a new hypothesis concerning UA and renal impairment involving a pro-inflammatory status, endothelial dysfunction, and excessive activation of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Additionally, hyperuricemia associated with oxidative stress is incriminated in DNA damage, oxidations, inflammatory cytokine production, and even cell apoptosis. There is also increasing evidence regarding the association of hyperuricemia with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Important aspects need to be clarified regarding hyperuricemia predisposition to oxidative stress and its effects in order to initiate the proper treatment to determine the optimal maintenance of UA level, improving patients’ long-term prognosis and their quality of life.