Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Insecticide Carbaryl to Flounder Gill Cells and Its Teratogenicity to Zebrafish Embryos

• Published in: Journal of Ocean University of China Vol. 14; no. 2; pp. 362 - 374
• Main Authors: Pandey, Manish Raj, Guo, Huarong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Science Press 01.04.2015; Springer Nature B.V; Laboratory of Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R.China%Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R.China
• Subjects: Bioassays; Carbaryl; Cells; Cytotoxicity; Danio rerio; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Embryos; Fish; Genotoxicity; Genotype & phenotype; Hatching; Insecticides; Meteorology; Oceanography; Pleuronectiformes; Teratogenicity; 斑马鱼; 氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂; 细胞毒性; 胚胎; 致畸性; 西维因; 遗传毒性; 鳃细胞; genotoxicity; zebrafish; flounder gill cell; carbaryl; cytotoxicity; teratogenicity
• ISSN: 1672-5182; 1993-5021; 1672-5174
• DOI: 10.1007/s11802-015-2433-3

In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of carbamate insecticide carbaryl to flounder gill （FG） cells and its teratogenicity to zebrafish embryos. The cytotoxicity of carbaryl to FG cells was determined with methods including MTT and neutral red uptaking （NRU）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） releasing and Hoechst 33342 and propidiurn idodide （PI） double staining. Moderate cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner was observed. The 24h-IC50 value of 53.48 ± 1.21, 59.13 ± 1.19 and 46.21 ± 1.24 mgL 1 carbaryl was obtained through MTT, NRU and LDH assays, respectively. Double fluorescence staining dem- onstrated that carbaryl induced the death of FG cells mainly through necrosis. There was no significant genotoxicity found in the FG cells exposed to the highest testing concentration of carbaryl （20mgL-1, P〉0.05） as was demonstrated by Comet assay. Zebrafish embryos exposed to carbaryl at concentrations 〉10 mg L-1 displayed moderate toxic effects on the survival, spontaneous movement, hatching, heart rates of the embryos and their development, which were evidenced by yolk and pericardial sac edemas, body length reduction and tail flexure in time- and concentration-dependent manners at specific stages. The 24h-, 48h- and 96h-LC50 values of carbaryl to zebra fish embryos were 41.80 ± 1.10, 17.80 ± 1.04 and 14.46 ± 1.05 mg L-1, respectively. These results suggested that car- baryl is moderately toxic to FG ceils cultured in vitro and zebrafish embryos, and the FG cells were similar to zebrafish embryos in their sensitivity to carbaryl as 24h-IC50 and LC50 indicated.