In vivo protective effects of Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract against hydrogen peroxide toxicity: cytogenetic and biochemical evaluation

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 3156 - 3164
• Main Authors: Yalçın, Emine, Çavuşoğlu, Kültiğin, Acar, Ali, Yapar, Kürşad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Alkaline phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Aquatic Pollution; Aspartate aminotransferase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biochemistry; Biocompatibility; Chromosomes; Creatinine; Cytogenetic Analysis; Cytogenetics; Damage; Dietary supplements; Drinking water; Drug dosages; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental effects; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Free radicals; Ginkgo biloba; Glutathione; Humidity; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen Peroxide - toxicity; Kidneys; Leaves; Levels; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Metaphase; Mice; Organs; Oxidants - toxicity; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Parameters; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Research Article; Toxicity; Urea; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Ginkgo biloba; Oxidative stress; Hydrogen peroxide; Biochemical parameters; Genotoxicity
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07156-w

In this study, the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GbE) against toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in Swiss albino mice were investigated. Abnormal metaphase number (AMn), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) were analyzed for cytogenetic effects. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and kidney organs were investigated as indicators of biochemical toxicity. Six experimental groups were formed as a control and treatment group, each containing six animals. The mice in the control group were given tap water, while the mice in the administration group received two different doses of GbE and H 2 O 2 for 45 consecutive days. It was observed that H 2 O 2 administration caused a significant decrease in MI compared to the control group and caused a significant decrease in the frequency of AMn, MN, and CAs. Chromatid break was the most common type of CAs induced by H 2 O 2 , and the other CAs types observed in this study were chromosome break, fragment, dicentric, gap, and ring. It has been determined that GbE treatment decreases the clastogenic effects of H 2 O 2 and reduces the MN and CAs frequency and causes a re-increase in mitotic cell numbers. It was determined that H 2 O 2 administration caused changes in biochemical parameters and resulted in significant increases in serum AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels. However, the level of MDA, which is an indicator of oxidative damage, increased, and GSH level decreased in liver and kidney tissues. Oxidative damage caused by H 2 O 2 in liver and kidney tissues was improved, and all biochemical parameters tested were found to be ameliorated after GbE treatment. This improvement was dependent on the dose of GbE, and improvement in 150 mg/kg bw GbE was found to be more prominent. As a result, the GbE can be used as an antioxidant nutritional supplement to protect against the toxic effects of environmental agents such as H 2 O 2 .