Early skin immunological disturbance after Plasmodium-infected mosquito bites

• Published in: Cellular immunology Vol. 277; no. 1-2; pp. 22 - 32
• Main Authors: da Silva, Henrique Borges, Caetano, Susana S., Monteiro, Isadora, Gómez-Conde, Iván, Hanson, Kirsten, Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos, Olivieri, David N., Mota, Maria M., Marinho, Cláudio R., D’Imperio Lima, Maria R., Tadokoro, Carlos E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.05.2012
• Subjects: Animals; B7-2 Antigen - biosynthesis; B7-2 Antigen - immunology; Bites and Stings - immunology; Bites and Stings - parasitology; Cell Proliferation; Culicidae - parasitology; Dendritic cell; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Dendritic Cells - parasitology; Genes, MHC Class II - immunology; Immunity; Lymph Nodes - immunology; Lymph Nodes - parasitology; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - parasitology; Malaria - immunology; Malaria - parasitology; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Nude; Plasmodium berghei; Regulatory T cell; Skin; Skin - immunology; Skin - parasitology; Skin Diseases, Parasitic - immunology; Sporozoites - immunology; Sporozoites - parasitology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - parasitology; INF; Dendritic cell; YFP; Plasmodium berghei; iRBCs; Regulatory T cell; CM; Skin; NI; Immunity
• ISSN: 0008-8749; 1090-2163
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.06.003

► Plasmodium-infected mosquito bites induce mobilization of DCs and Tregs. ► Infected mosquito bitten mice reduce DCs influx into skin-draining LNs. ► Poor homeostatic proliferation of CD4 T cells are observed from infected mosquito bitten mice. Although the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during malaria infection has been studied extensively, such studies have focused exclusively on the role of Treg during the blood stage of infection; little is known about the detailed mechanisms of Tregs and sporozoite deposition in the dermis by mosquito bites. In this paper we show that sporozoites introduced into the skin by mosquito bites increase the mobility of skin Tregs and dendritic cells (DCs). We also show differences in MHC class II and/or CD86 expression on skin-resident dendritic cell subtypes and macrophages. From the observed decrease of the number of APCs into draining lymph nodes, suppression of CD28 expression in conventional CD4 T cells, and a low homeostatic proliferation of skin-migrated CD4 T found in nude mice indicate that Tregs may play a fundamental role during the initial phase of malaria parasite inoculation into the mammalian host.