Near-synchronous and delayed initiation of long run-out submarine sediment flows from a record-breaking river flood, offshore Taiwan

• Published in: Geophysical research letters Vol. 39; no. 12
• Main Authors: Carter, L., Milliman, J. D., Talling, P. J., Gavey, R., Wynn, R. B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Blackwell Publishing Ltd 28.06.2012; American Geophysical Union; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: cable breaks; Canyons; Climate change; Earth; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Earthquakes; Exact sciences and technology; Floods; Geophysics; Hydrology; hyperpycnal flows; Landslides; Marine geology; Ocean floor; Oceans; Rivers; sediment gravity flows; Sediment transport; Sediments; Seismic activity; Turbidity; Turbidity currents; typhoon floods; Typhoons; South China Sea; West Pacific; Asia; Taiwan; Pacific Ocean; Manila Trench; Far East; floods; inundations; Submarine; earthquakes; faults; offshore; Typhoon; drainage basins; Severe weather; Tropical cyclone; landslides; turbidity currents; Natural hazards; Triggering; canyons; flow
• ISSN: 0094-8276; 1944-8007
• DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051172

Subsea fiber‐optic telecommunication cables can break under fast sediment flows that travel 100s of kilometers through the deep ocean in response to earthquakes and submarine landslides. Similar flows are inferred to form from major river floods whose sediment‐laden waters plunge and travel along the seabed. However, the complex initiation of flood‐related flows and their hazard potential have not been observed until now. Here we use cable fault data from the Gaoping Canyon/Manila Trench off Taiwan to show that a major river flood, formed during Typhoon Morakot (2009), generated two, long run‐out, destructive sediment flows; one during peak flood and the other 3 days later. The latter flow was more damaging with speeds and run‐out similar to that of landslide‐triggered turbidity currents formed in the same catchment. If the second flow was due to remobilized canyon sediment, it occurred during low earthquake (>Mw 2.0) activity, suggesting other triggering mechanisms. Key Points Major river flood initiates multiple sediment gravity flows Sediment flows formed from hyperpycnal plume and remobilised deposits River floods can be a natural hazard for deep ocean infrastructure