A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control

• Published in: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 992 - 1000
• Main Authors: Sato, Junko, Kanazawa, Akio, Makita, Sumiko, Hatae, Chie, Komiya, Koji, Shimizu, Tomoaki, Ikeda, Fuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Ogihara, Takeshi, Mita, Tomoya, Goto, Hiromasa, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Takeno, Kageumi, Shimada, Satoshi, Ohmura, Chie, Watanabe, Takehito, Kobayashi, Kiyoe, Miura, Yoshiko, Iwaoka, Manami, Hirashima, Nao, Fujitani, Yoshio, Watada, Hirotaka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2017
• Subjects: Calorie-restricted diet; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Low-carbohydrate diet; Type 2 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Low-carbohydrate diet; Calorie-restricted diet
• ISSN: 0261-5614; 1532-1983
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.003

Summary Background & aims The usefulness of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness and safety of LCD with calorie restricted diet (CRD). Methods This prospective, randomized, open-label, comparative study included 66 T2DM patients with HbA1c >7.5% even after receiving repeated education programs on CRD. They were randomly allocated to either the 130g/day LCD group (n = 33) or CRD group (n = 33). Patients received personal nutrition education of CRD or LCD for 30 min at baseline, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. Patients of the CRD group were advised to maintain the intake of calories and balance of macronutrients (28× ideal body weight calories per day). Patients of the LCD group were advised to maintain the intake of 130 g/day carbohydrate without other specific restrictions. Several parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months after each intervention. The primary endpoint was a change in HbA1c level from baseline to the end of the study. Results At baseline, BMI and HbA1c were 26.5 (24.6–30.1) and 8.3 (8.0–9.3), and 26.7 (25.0–30.0) kg/m2 and 8.0 (7.6–8.9) %, in the CRD and LCD, respectively. At the end of the study, HbA1c decreased by −0.65 (−1.53 to −0.10) % in the LCD group, compared with 0.00 (−0.68 to 0.40) % in the CRD group (p < 0.01). Also, the decrease in BMI in the LCD group [−0.58 (−1.51 to −0.16) kg/m2 ] exceeded that observed in the CRD group (p = 0.03). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that 6-month 130 g/day LCD reduced HbA1c and BMI in poorly controlled Japanese patients with T2DM. LCD is a potentially useful nutrition therapy for Japanese patients who cannot adhere to CRD. This trial was registered at http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/ (University Hospital Medical Information Network: study ID number 000010663).