CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Is Expressed Paravascularly in Apical Papilla and Coordinates with Stromal Cell–derived Factor-1α during Transmigration of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla
Abstract Introduction Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this possibility, we used in vitro transmigration models to investigate whether SCAPs can be chemoattracted by the delivery o...
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Published in | Journal of endodontics Vol. 41; no. 9; pp. 1430 - 1436 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.09.2015
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Abstract | Abstract Introduction Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this possibility, we used in vitro transmigration models to investigate whether SCAPs can be chemoattracted by the delivery of the chemotactic cytokine stromal cell–derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). Methods We first examined the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) for SDF-1α in the apical papilla and in cultured SCAPs using immunofluorescence, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometric analyses. A standard Transwell migration assay and a 3-dimensional cell migration assay were used to analyze transmigration of SCAPs via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. Results CXCR4 was expressed in the paravascular region of the apical papilla and detected in SCAP cultures. Most cultured SCAPs harbored intracellular CXCR4 (58%–99%, n = 4), whereas only a few cells had detectable CXCR4 on the cell surface (0.3%–2.34%, n = 4). Although SDF-1α had no significant effect on SCAP proliferation, it significantly promoted a higher number of migrated cells; this effect was abolished by anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Interestingly, cell surface CXCR4 on SCAPs was not detectable until after transmigration. The 3-dimensional migration assay revealed that SDF-1α significantly enhanced SCAP migration in the collagen gel. Conclusions SCAPs can be chemoattracted via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, suggesting that SDF-1α may be used clinically to induce CXCR4-expressing SCAPs in the apical papilla to transmigrate into the root canal space as an endogenous cell source for pulp regeneration. |
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AbstractList | INTRODUCTIONStem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this possibility, we used in vitro transmigration models to investigate whether SCAPs can be chemoattracted by the delivery of the chemotactic cytokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α).METHODSWe first examined the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) for SDF-1α in the apical papilla and in cultured SCAPs using immunofluorescence, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometric analyses. A standard Transwell migration assay and a 3-dimensional cell migration assay were used to analyze transmigration of SCAPs via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis.RESULTSCXCR4 was expressed in the paravascular region of the apical papilla and detected in SCAP cultures. Most cultured SCAPs harbored intracellular CXCR4 (58%-99%, n = 4), whereas only a few cells had detectable CXCR4 on the cell surface (0.3%-2.34%, n = 4). Although SDF-1α had no significant effect on SCAP proliferation, it significantly promoted a higher number of migrated cells; this effect was abolished by anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Interestingly, cell surface CXCR4 on SCAPs was not detectable until after transmigration. The 3-dimensional migration assay revealed that SDF-1α significantly enhanced SCAP migration in the collagen gel.CONCLUSIONSSCAPs can be chemoattracted via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, suggesting that SDF-1α may be used clinically to induce CXCR4-expressing SCAPs in the apical papilla to transmigrate into the root canal space as an endogenous cell source for pulp regeneration. Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this possibility, we used in vitro transmigration models to investigate whether SCAPs can be chemoattracted by the delivery of the chemotactic cytokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). We first examined the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) for SDF-1α in the apical papilla and in cultured SCAPs using immunofluorescence, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometric analyses. A standard Transwell migration assay and a 3-dimensional cell migration assay were used to analyze transmigration of SCAPs via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. CXCR4 was expressed in the paravascular region of the apical papilla and detected in SCAP cultures. Most cultured SCAPs harbored intracellular CXCR4 (58%-99%, n = 4), whereas only a few cells had detectable CXCR4 on the cell surface (0.3%-2.34%, n = 4). Although SDF-1α had no significant effect on SCAP proliferation, it significantly promoted a higher number of migrated cells; this effect was abolished by anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Interestingly, cell surface CXCR4 on SCAPs was not detectable until after transmigration. The 3-dimensional migration assay revealed that SDF-1α significantly enhanced SCAP migration in the collagen gel. SCAPs can be chemoattracted via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, suggesting that SDF-1α may be used clinically to induce CXCR4-expressing SCAPs in the apical papilla to transmigrate into the root canal space as an endogenous cell source for pulp regeneration. Abstract Introduction Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this possibility, we used in vitro transmigration models to investigate whether SCAPs can be chemoattracted by the delivery of the chemotactic cytokine stromal cell–derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). Methods We first examined the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) for SDF-1α in the apical papilla and in cultured SCAPs using immunofluorescence, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometric analyses. A standard Transwell migration assay and a 3-dimensional cell migration assay were used to analyze transmigration of SCAPs via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. Results CXCR4 was expressed in the paravascular region of the apical papilla and detected in SCAP cultures. Most cultured SCAPs harbored intracellular CXCR4 (58%–99%, n = 4), whereas only a few cells had detectable CXCR4 on the cell surface (0.3%–2.34%, n = 4). Although SDF-1α had no significant effect on SCAP proliferation, it significantly promoted a higher number of migrated cells; this effect was abolished by anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Interestingly, cell surface CXCR4 on SCAPs was not detectable until after transmigration. The 3-dimensional migration assay revealed that SDF-1α significantly enhanced SCAP migration in the collagen gel. Conclusions SCAPs can be chemoattracted via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, suggesting that SDF-1α may be used clinically to induce CXCR4-expressing SCAPs in the apical papilla to transmigrate into the root canal space as an endogenous cell source for pulp regeneration. |
Author | Huang, George T.-J., DDS, MSD, DSc Liu, Jing-Yi, DDS Zou, Xiao-Ying, DDS, MD Chen, Xue, DDS Yue, Lin, DDS, PhD |
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Keywords | stem cells from the apical papilla 3-dimensional transmigration assay cell homing stromal cell–derived factor-1α CXC chemokine receptor 4 |
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Snippet | Abstract Introduction Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin... Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To test this... INTRODUCTIONStem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) at the apex may be attracted into the root canal space as a cell source for pulp-dentin regeneration. To... |
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SubjectTerms | 3-dimensional transmigration assay Adolescent cell homing Cells, Cultured Chemokine CXCL12 - metabolism Chemotaxis CXC chemokine receptor 4 Dental Pulp - physiology Dentin - physiology Dentistry Endocrinology & Metabolism Humans Receptors, CXCR4 - metabolism Regeneration Stem Cells - cytology stem cells from the apical papilla stromal cell–derived factor-1α Tooth Apex - cytology Tooth Apex - metabolism Young Adult |
Title | CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Is Expressed Paravascularly in Apical Papilla and Coordinates with Stromal Cell–derived Factor-1α during Transmigration of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla |
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