Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypernatremia

Abstract Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level above 145 mmol/L. It is a frequently encountered electrolyte disturbance in the hospital setting, with an unappreciated high mortality. Understanding hypernatremia requires a comprehension of body fluid compartments, as well as concepts of th...

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Published inBaillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 189 - 203
Main Authors Muhsin, Saif A, Mount, David B., Dr
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2016
Subjects
Arginine Vasopressin - metabolism
diabetes insipidus
Diuretics - administration & dosage
Diuretics - adverse effects
Diuretics - therapeutic use
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Humans
hypernatremia
Hypernatremia - diagnosis
Hypernatremia - epidemiology
Hypernatremia - etiology
Hypernatremia - therapy
lithium
osmoreceptor
TRPV1
vasopressin
Water-Electrolyte Balance
osmoreceptor
lithium
TRPV1
hypernatremia
diabetes insipidus
vasopressin
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Summary:Abstract Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level above 145 mmol/L. It is a frequently encountered electrolyte disturbance in the hospital setting, with an unappreciated high mortality. Understanding hypernatremia requires a comprehension of body fluid compartments, as well as concepts of the preservation of normal body water balance. The human body maintains a normal osmolality between 280 and 295 mOsm/kg via Arginine Vasopressin (AVP), thirst, and the renal response to AVP; dysfunction of all three of these factors can cause hypernatremia. We review new developments in the pathophysiology of hypernatremia, in addition to the differential diagnosis and management of this important electrolyte disorder.
ISSN:1521-690X
1878-1594
DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2016.02.014