Left Ventricular Contraction Pattern in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Simultaneous Stress-Strain Analysis by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

• Published in: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography Vol. 30; no. 4; pp. 422 - 430.e2
• Main Authors: Broch, Kaspar, MD, PhD, de Marchi, Stefano F., MD, Massey, Richard, MSc, Hisdal, Jonny, PhD, Aakhus, Svend, MD, PhD, Gullestad, Lars, MD, PhD, Urheim, Stig, MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2017
• Subjects: Aortic regurgitation; Aortic Valve Insufficiency - complications; Aortic Valve Insufficiency - diagnostic imaging; Aortic Valve Insufficiency - physiopathology; Cardiovascular; Chronic Disease; Compressive Strength; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional - methods; Elastic Modulus; Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods; Female; Humans; Left ventricular function; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Speckle-tracking; Stress, Mechanical; Stroke Volume; Tensile Strength; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - etiology; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology; Wall stress; Global circumferential strain; Echocardiography; End-systolic meridional wall stress; Left ventricular; Two-dimensional; ESSm; LVEF; Global longitudinal strain; LV; Aortic regurgitation; Wall stress; GLS; End-diastolic volume; AR; 3D; 2D; Three-dimensional; EDV; GCS; Left ventricular ejection fraction; End-systolic circumferential wall stress; Speckle tracking; ESSc; Left ventricular function; Speckle-tracking
• ISSN: 0894-7317; 1097-6795
• DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.11.012

Background The role of speckle-tracking echocardiography in the assessment of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) is not established. Load dependency may encumber the interpretation of strain measurements in the chronically overloaded left ventricle. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of left ventricular (LV) contraction patterns in asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe AR and preserved ejection fractions. Methods In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 31 patients with moderate to severe AR, 15 elite endurance athletes, and 17 healthy control subjects were examined using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Global circumferential strain (GCS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), end-systolic circumferential wall stress (ESSc), end-systolic meridional wall stress (ESSm), and the wall stress ratio (ESSc/ESSm) were measured. Results LV end-diastolic volumes were similar in athletes and patients with AR and significantly larger than in healthy control subjects. Values of GLS in control subjects, athletes, and patients with AR were −18.8 ± 1.9%, −17.3 ± 2.0%, and −16.4± 2.0%, respectively (control subjects vs athletes and patients, P  < .05), whereas values of GCS were −16.9 ± 2.0%, −15.5 ± 1.9%, and −17.9 ± 2.6%, respectively (athletes vs control subjects and patients, P  < .01). The ESSc/ESSm ratio was lower in patients with AR ( P  < .01). When adjusted for ESSm, GLS remained impaired in patients compared with control subjects and athletes ( P  = .015). On the other hand, GCS was better in patients with AR when adjusted for ESSc ( P  = .003). Conclusions In compensated AR, relatively high GCS compensates for reduced GLS in a manner consistent with the preserved ejection fractions observed in these patients.