Integrative taxonomy of anisakid nematodes in stranded cetaceans from Brazilian waters: an update on parasite’s hosts and geographical records
Anisakidae are represented mainly by species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845, Pseudoterranova Krabbe, 1878, and Contracaecum Railliet and Henry, 1913. Integrative taxonomy, based on morphological and genetic approaches, can provide a precise identification of species, increasing the knowledge of their sy...
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Published in | Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 116; no. 11; pp. 3105 - 3116 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.11.2017
Springer Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Anisakidae are represented mainly by species of
Anisakis
Dujardin, 1845,
Pseudoterranova
Krabbe, 1878, and
Contracaecum
Railliet and Henry, 1913. Integrative taxonomy, based on morphological and genetic approaches, can provide a precise identification of species, increasing the knowledge of their systematics, biology, and evolution. In this study, integrative taxonomy was applied in order to identify, at generic and/or specific taxonomic level, 245 anisakids from 63 cetaceans of 12 different species, which stranded in the Brazilian coast. Parasites from nine hosts were preserved by freezing and, from 54 hosts, were fixed in 70% ethanol (
n
= 43) or alcohol-formalin-acetic (
n
= 11) for a period varying from 6 to 19 years. The morphological analysis allowed the identification of 171 specimens at genus level: 120 as
Anisakis
sp. clade I, 47 as
Anisakis
sp. clade II, and four as
Pseudoterranova
sp. From those 15, specimens were identified at species level, seven as
Anisakis typica
, seven as
Anisakis paggiae
and one as
Anisakis brevispiculata
. Moreover, 74 specimens were identified as belonging to Anisakidae family. The genetic analysis based on
cox2
gene allowed the identification/confirmation of
Anisakis typica
(
n
= 33),
Anisakis paggiae
(
n
= 1), and for the first time in the Brazilian coast,
Anisakis brevispiculata
(
n
= 4) and
Anisakis ziphidarum
(
n
= 1). Additionally, a probably new
Anisakis
species, genetically close to
A. paggiae
, is reported infecting a dwarf sperm whale. The results clearly indicated that the preservation of nematodes influenced significantly on the level of taxonomic definition, in both morphological and, mainly, genetic analyses.
Pseudoterranova
sp. was identified for the first time in the spinner dolphin,
Stenella longirostris.
The detection of nine
A. paggiae
specimens, in three
Kogia breviceps
animals, substantiates the austral occurrence of this species. The identification of
A. brevispiculata
in
Kogia sima
and
K. breviceps
confirms Kogiidae whales as their most common hosts.
Anisakis typica
was corroborated as a generalist species, the most widely distributed in the Brazilian coast, infecting a broad variety of Delphinidae and Kogiidae, with two new geographical records in
Stenella frontalis
and
Lagenodelphis hosei
. The study showed a new scenery of parasite diversity of marine anisakids, updating the
Anisakis
species distribution. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0932-0113 1432-1955 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00436-017-5622-8 |